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AIM
4/3/14
7−1−65
Meteorology
8. Weather Phenomena.
The weather as
reported in the METAR code represents a significant
change in the way weather is currently reported. In
METAR, weather is reported in the format:
Intensity/Proximity/Descriptor/Precipitation/
Obstruction to visibility/Other
NOTE
−
The “/” above and in the following descriptions (except as
the separator between the temperature and dew point) are
for separation purposes in this publication and do not
appear in the actual METARs.
(a) Intensity
applies only to the first type of
precipitation reported. A “−” denotes light, no symbol
denotes moderate, and a “+” denotes heavy.
(b) Proximity
applies to and reported only
for weather occurring in the vicinity of the airport
(between 5 and 10 miles of the point(s) of
observation). It is denoted by the letters “VC.”
(Intensity and “VC” will not appear together in the
weather group).
(c) Descriptor.
These eight descriptors ap-
ply to the precipitation or obstructions to visibility:
TS
thunderstorm
. . . . . . . . . . .
DR
low drifting
. . . . . . . . . . .
SH
showers
. . . . . . . . . . .
MI
shallow
. . . . . . . . . . .
FZ
freezing
. . . . . . . . . . .
BC
patches
. . . . . . . . . . .
BL
blowing
. . . . . . . . . . .
PR
partial
. . . . . . . . . . .
NOTE
−
Although “TS” and “SH” are used with precipitation and
may be preceded with an intensity symbol, the intensity still
applies to the precipitation, not the descriptor.
(d) Precipitation.
There are nine types of
precipitation in the METAR code:
RA
rain
. . . . . . . . . .
DZ
drizzle
. . . . . . . . . .
SN
snow
. . . . . . . . . .
GR
hail (
1
/
4
” or greater)
. . . . . . . . . .
GS
small hail/snow pellets
. . . . . . . . . .
PL
ice pellets
. . . . . . . . . .
SG
snow grains
. . . . . . . . . .
IC
ice crystals (diamond dust)
. . . . . . . . . . .
UP
unknown precipitation
. . . . . . . . . .
(automated stations only)
(e) Obstructions to visibility.
There are
eight types of obscuration phenomena in the METAR
code (obscurations are any phenomena in the
atmosphere, other than precipitation, that reduce
horizontal visibility):
FG
fog (vsby less than
5
/
8
mile)
. . . . . . . . . .
HZ
haze
. . . . . . . . . .
FU
smoke
. . . . . . . . . .
PY
spray
. . . . . . . . . .
BR
mist (vsby
5
/
8
− 6 miles)
. . . . . . . . . .
SA
sand
. . . . . . . . . .
DU
dust
. . . . . . . . . .
VA
volcanic ash
. . . . . . . . . .
NOTE
−
Fog (FG) is observed or forecast only when the visibility is
less than five
−eighths of mile, otherwise mist (BR) is
observed or forecast.
(f) Other.
There are five categories of other
weather phenomena which are reported when they
occur:
SQ
squall
. . . . . . . . . . .
SS
sandstorm
. . . . . . . . . . .
DS
duststorm
. . . . . . . . . . .
PO
dust/sand whirls
. . . . . . . . . .
FC
funnel cloud
. . . . . . . . . . .
+FC
tornado/waterspout
. . . . . . . . .
Examples:
TSRA
thunderstorm with moderate
. . . . . . . . .
rain
+SN
heavy snow
. . . . . . . . . .
−RA FG
light rain and fog
. . . . . . .
BRHZ
mist and haze
. . . . . . . .
(visibility
5
/
8
mile or greater)
FZDZ
freezing drizzle
. . . . . . . . .
VCSH
rain shower in the vicinity
. . . . . . . .
+SHRASNPL
heavy rain showers, snow,
. .
ice pellets (intensity
indicator refers to the
predominant rain)
9. Sky Condition.
The sky condition as
reported in METAR represents a significant change
from the way sky condition is currently reported. In
METAR, sky condition is reported in the format:
Amount/Height/(Type) or Indefinite Ceiling/Height
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