AIM

4/3/14

1−1−23

Navigation Aids

certification requirements in AC 20-138C, Appendix

1 may be used on oceanic routes as the only means of

long range navigation. TSO-C196 (as revised)

equipment is inherently capable of supporting

oceanic operation if the operator obtains a Fault

Detection and Exclusion (FDE) Prediction Program

as outlined in AC 20-138C, Appendix 1. A single

GPS/WAAS receiver (TSO-C145 (as revised) or

TSO-C146 (as revised)) is inherently capable of

supporting oceanic operation if the operator obtains

a FDE Prediction Program as outlined in

AC 20-138C, Appendix 1.

2.

GPS (TSO-C129 (as revised) or TSO-C196

(as revised)) domestic en route and terminal IFR

operations can be conducted as soon as proper

avionics systems are installed, provided all general

requirements are met. For required backup naviga-

tion, the avionics necessary to receive all of the

ground−based facilities appropriate for the flight to

the destination airport and any required alternate

airport must be installed and operational. Ground−

based facilities necessary for en route and terminal

operations must also be in service.

(a)

A single GPS/WAAS receiver

(TSO-C145 (as revised) or TSO-C146 (as revised))

may also be used for these domestic en route and

terminal IFR operations. Though not required,

operators may consider retaining backup navigation

equipment in their aircraft to guard against potential

outages or interference.

(b)

In Alaska, GPS en route IFR RNAV

operations may be conducted outside the operational

service volume of ground-based navigation aids

when a GPS/WAAS (TSO−C145 (as revised) or

TSO−C146 (as revised)) system is installed and

operating. Ground-based navigation equipment is not

required to be installed and operating. Though not

required, operators may consider retaining backup

navigation equipment in their aircraft to guard against

potential outages or interference.

(1)

Aircraft may operate on GNSS

Q-routes with GPS (TSO-C129 (as revised) or

TSO-C196 (as revised)) or GPS/WAAS equipment

while the aircraft remains in Air Traffic Control radar

surveillance.

(2)

Aircraft may operate on GNSS T-routes

with GPS/WAAS (TSO-C145(as revised) or

TSO-C146 (as revised)) equipment.

3.

Authorization to fly approaches under IFR

using GPS or GPS/WAAS avionics systems requires

that a pilot use avionics with:

(a)

GPS, TSO−C129, (as revised) authoriza-

tion in class A1, B1, B3, C1, or C3;

(b)

GPS, TSO-C196 (as revised) authoriza-

tion; or

(c)

GPS/WAAS, TSO-C145 (as revised) or

TSO-C146 (as revised) authorization.