Table of Contents
Chapter 1. Air Navigation
Section 1. Navigation Aids

1-1-1. General
1-1-2. Nondirectional Radio Beacon (NDB)
1-1-3. VHF Omni-directional Range (VOR) .
1-1-4. VOR Receiver Check
1-1-5. Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN)
1-1-6. VHF Omni-directional Range/Tactical Air Navigation (VORTAC) .
1-1-7. Distance Measuring Equipment (DME)
1-1-8. Navigational Aid (NAVAID) Service Volumes .
1-1-9. Instrument Landing System (ILS)
1-1-10. Simplified Directional Facility (SDF)
1-1-11. NAVAID Identifier Removal During Maintenance
1-1-12. NAVAIDs with Voice .
1-1-13. User Reports Requested on NAVAID or Global Navigation Satellite
System (GNSS) Performance or Interference .
1-1-14. LORAN
1-1-15. Inertial Reference Unit (IRU), Inertial Navigation System (INS), and
Attitude Heading Reference System (AHRS)
1-1-16. Doppler Radar .
1-1-17. Global Positioning System (GPS) .
1-1-18. Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) .
1-1-19. Ground Based Augmentation System (GBAS) Landing System (GLS)
1-1-20. Precision Approach Systems other than ILS and GLS

1-1-1
1-1-1
1-1-1
1-1-3
1-1-4
1-1-4
1-1-5
1-1-5
1-1-8
1-1-13
1-1-15
1-1-15
1-1-15
1-1-16
1-1-16
1-1-16
1-1-16
1-1-29
1-1-34
1-1-35

Section 2. Performance-Based Navigation (PBN) and Area Navigation
(RNAV)
1-2-1. General
1-2-2. Required Navigation Performance (RNP) .
1-2-3. Use of Suitable Area Navigation (RNAV) Systems on Conventional Procedures
and Routes
1-2-4. Pilots and Air Traffic Controllers Recognizing Interference or Spoofing

1-2-1
1-2-4
1-2-7
1-2-9

Chapter 2. Aeronautical Lighting and
Other Airport Visual Aids
Section 1. Airport Lighting Aids

Approach Light Systems (ALS)
Visual Glideslope Indicators
Runway End Identifier Lights (REIL)
Runway Edge Light Systems
In-runway Lighting .
Runway Status Light (RWSL) System .
StandAlone Final Approach Runway Occupancy Signal (FAROS)
Control of Lighting Systems .

Table of Contents

2-1-1
2-1-1
2-1-6
2-1-6
2-1-6
2-1-7
2-1-10
2-1-11