Section 3. Wake Turbulence

7-3-1. General
7-3-2. Vortex Generation
7-3-3. Vortex Strength .
7-3-4. Vortex Behavior .
7-3-5. Operations Problem Areas
7-3-6. Vortex Avoidance Procedures .
7-3-7. Helicopters .
7-3-8. Pilot Responsibility
7-3-9. Air Traffic Wake Turbulence Separations
7-3-10. Development and New Capabilities .

7-3-1
7-3-1
7-3-1
7-3-2
7-3-4
7-3-5
7-3-6
7-3-6
7-3-7
7-3-8

Section 4. Bird Hazards and Flight Over National Refuges, Parks, and
Forests

Migratory Bird Activity
Reducing Bird Strike Risks .
Reporting Bird Strikes .
Reporting Bird and Other Wildlife Activities
Pilot Advisories on Bird and Other Wildlife Hazards
Flights Over Charted U.S. Wildlife Refuges, Parks, and Forest Service Areas .

7-4-1
7-4-1
7-4-1
7-4-1
7-4-2
7-4-2

Section 5. Potential Flight Hazards
7-5-1. Accident Cause Factors
7-5-2. VFR in Congested Areas .
7-5-3. Obstructions To Flight .
7-5-4. Avoid Flight Beneath Unmanned Balloons
7-5-5. Unmanned Aircraft Systems
7-5-6. Mountain Flying
7-5-7. Use of Runway Half-way Signs at Unimproved Airports
7-5-8. Seaplane Safety .
7-5-9. Flight Operations in Volcanic Ash .
7-5-10. Emergency Airborne Inspection of Other Aircraft .
7-5-11. Precipitation Static .
7-5-12. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (Laser)
Operations and Reporting Illumination of Aircraft
7-5-13. Flying in Flat Light, Brown Out Conditions, and White Out Conditions
7-5-14. Operations in Ground Icing Conditions
7-5-15. Avoid Flight in the Vicinity of Exhaust Plumes (Smoke Stacks and Cooling
Towers)

7-5-1
7-5-1
7-5-1
7-5-2
7-5-2
7-5-3
7-5-5
7-5-6
7-5-7
7-5-8
7-5-9
7-5-10
7-5-11
7-5-13
7-5-14

Section 6. Safety, Accident, and Hazard Reports

Aviation Safety Reporting Program
Aircraft Accident and Incident Reporting .
Near Midair Collision Reporting
Unidentified Flying Object (UFO) Reports
Safety Alerts For Operators (SAFO) and Information For Operators (InFO) .

7-6-1
7-6-1
7-6-2
7-6-3
7-6-3

Table of Contents