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14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–19 Edition)

§ 1.1

under standard atmospheric conditions
at sea level.

(3) A maximum never-exceed speed

) of not more than 120 knots CAS

for a glider.

(4) A maximum stalling speed or min-

imum steady flight speed without the
use of lift-enhancing devices (V

) of

not more than 45 knots CAS at the air-
craft’s maximum certificated takeoff
weight and most critical center of
gravity.

(5) A maximum seating capacity of

no more than two persons, including
the pilot.

(6) A single, reciprocating engine, if

powered.

(7) A fixed or ground-adjustable pro-

peller if a powered aircraft other than
a powered glider.

(8) A fixed or feathering propeller

system if a powered glider.

(9) A fixed-pitch, semi-rigid, tee-

tering, two-blade rotor system, if a gy-
roplane.

(10) A nonpressurized cabin, if

equipped with a cabin.

(11) Fixed landing gear, except for an

aircraft intended for operation on
water or a glider.

(12) Fixed or retractable landing

gear, or a hull, for an aircraft intended
for operation on water.

(13) Fixed or retractable landing gear

for a glider.

Lighter-than-air aircraft

means air-

craft that can rise and remain sus-
pended by using contained gas weigh-
ing less than the air that is displaced
by the gas.

Load factor

means the ratio of a spec-

ified load to the total weight of the air-
craft. The specified load is expressed in
terms of any of the following: aero-
dynamic forces, inertia forces, or
ground or water reactions.

Long-range communication system

(LRCS).

A system that uses satellite

relay, data link, high frequency, or an-
other approved communication system
which extends beyond line of sight.

Long-range navigation system (LRNS).

An electronic navigation unit that is
approved for use under instrument
flight rules as a primary means of navi-
gation, and has at least one source of
navigational input, such as inertial
navigation system or global posi-
tioning system.

Mach number

means the ratio of true

airspeed to the speed of sound.

Main rotor

means the rotor that sup-

plies the principal lift to a rotorcraft.

Maintenance

means inspection, over-

haul, repair, preservation, and the re-
placement of parts, but excludes pre-
ventive maintenance.

Major alteration

means an alteration

not listed in the aircraft, aircraft en-
gine, or propeller specifications—

(1) That might appreciably affect

weight, balance, structural strength,
performance, powerplant operation,
flight characteristics, or other quali-
ties affecting airworthiness; or

(2) That is not done according to ac-

cepted practices or cannot be done by
elementary operations.

Major repair

means a repair:

(1) That, if improperly done, might

appreciably affect weight, balance,
structural strength, performance, pow-
erplant operation, flight characteris-
tics, or other qualities affecting air-
worthiness; or

(2) That is not done according to ac-

cepted practices or cannot be done by
elementary operations.

Manifold pressure

means absolute

pressure as measured at the appro-
priate point in the induction system
and usually expressed in inches of mer-
cury.

Maximum engine overtorque

, as it ap-

plies to turbopropeller and turboshaft
engines incorporating free power tur-
bines for all ratings except one engine
inoperative (OEI) ratings of two min-
utes or less, means the maximum
torque of the free power turbine rotor
assembly, the inadvertent occurrence
of which, for periods of up to 20 sec-
onds, will not require rejection of the
engine from service, or any mainte-
nance action other than to correct the
cause.

Maximum speed for stability char-

acteristics, V

means a speed that

may not be less than a speed midway
between maximum operating limit
speed (V

) and demonstrated

flight diving speed (V

), except

that, for altitudes where the Mach
number is the limiting factor, M

need

not exceed the Mach number at which
effective speed warning occurs.

Medical certificate

means acceptable

evidence of physical fitness on a form
prescribed by the Administrator.

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