Section 23.2010

14 CFR Ch. I (1-1-19 Edition)

(2) Level 2 - for airplanes with a maximum seating configuration of 2 to 6
passengers.
(3) Level 3 - for airplanes with a maximum seating configuration of 7 to 9
passengers.
(4) Level 4 - for airplanes with a maximum seating configuration of 10 to 19
passengers.
(c) Airplane performance levels are:
(1) Low speed - for airplanes with a
VNO and VMO - 250 Knots Calibrated
Airspeed (KCAS) and a MMO - 0.6.
(2) High speed - for airplanes with a
VNO or VMO > 250 KCAS or a MMO > 0.6.
(d) Airplanes not certified for aerobatics may be used to perform any maneuver incident to normal flying, including - 
(1) Stalls (except whip stalls); and
(2) Lazy eights, chandelles, and steep
turns, in which the angle of bank is not
more than 60 degrees.
(e) Airplanes certified for aerobatics
may be used to perform maneuvers
without limitations, other than those
limitations established under subpart
G of this part.
Section 23.2010 Accepted means of compliance.
(a) An applicant must comply with
this part using a means of compliance,
which may include consensus standards, accepted by the Administrator.
(b) An applicant requesting acceptance of a means of compliance must
provide the means of compliance to the
FAA in a form and manner acceptable
to the Administrator.

Subpart B - Flight
PERFORMANCE

spaschal on DSK3GDR082PROD with CFR

Section 23.2100

Weight and center of gravity.

(a) The applicant must determine
limits for weights and centers of gravity that provide for the safe operation
of the airplane.
(b) The applicant must comply with
each requirement of this subpart at
critical combinations of weight and
center of gravity within the airplane-s
range of loading conditions using tolerances acceptable to the Administrator.
(c) The condition of the airplane at
the time of determining its empty

weight and center of gravity must be
well defined and easily repeatable.
Section 23.2105 Performance data.
(a) Unless otherwise prescribed, an
airplane must meet the performance
requirements of this subpart in - 
(1) Still air and standard atmospheric
conditions at sea level for all airplanes;
and
(2) Ambient atmospheric conditions
within the operating envelope for levels 1 and 2 high-speed and levels 3 and
4 airplanes.
(b) Unless otherwise prescribed, the
applicant must develop the performance data required by this subpart for
the following conditions:
(1) Airport altitudes from sea level to
10,000 feet (3,048 meters); and
(2) Temperatures above and below
standard day temperature that are
within the range of operating limitations, if those temperatures could have
a negative effect on performance.
(c) The procedures used for determining takeoff and landing distances
must be executable consistently by pilots of average skill in atmospheric
conditions expected to be encountered
in service.
(d) Performance data determined in
accordance with paragraph (b) of this
section must account for losses due to
atmospheric conditions, cooling needs,
and other demands on power sources.
Section 23.2110 Stall speed.
The applicant must determine the
airplane stall speed or the minimum
steady flight speed for each flight configuration used in normal operations,
including takeoff, climb, cruise, descent, approach, and landing. The stall
speed or minimum steady flight speed
determination must account for the
most adverse conditions for each flight
configuration with power set at - 
(a) Idle or zero thrust for propulsion
systems that are used primarily for
thrust; and
(b) A nominal thrust for propulsion
systems that are used for thrust, flight
control, and/or high-lift systems.
Section 23.2115 Takeoff performance.
(a) The applicant must determine airplane takeoff performance accounting
for - 

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