Section 25.1322

14 CFR Ch. I (1-1-19 Edition)

be plainly visible to the appropriate
crewmembers.
(d) Instrument panel vibration may
not damage or impair the accuracy of
any instrument.
(e) If a visual indicator is provided to
indicate malfunction of an instrument,
it must be effective under all probable
cockpit lighting conditions.
[Amdt. 25-23, 35 FR 5679, Apr. 8, 1970, as
amended by Amdt. 25-41, 42 FR 36970, July 18,
1977]

spaschal on DSK3GDR082PROD with CFR

Section 25.1322

Flightcrew alerting.

(a) Flightcrew alerts must:
(1) Provide the flightcrew with the
information needed to:
(i) Identify non-normal operation or
airplane system conditions, and
(ii) Determine the appropriate actions, if any.
(2) Be readily and easily detectable
and intelligible by the flightcrew under
all foreseeable operating conditions,
including conditions where multiple
alerts are provided.
(3) Be removed when the alerting
condition no longer exists.
(b) Alerts must conform to the following prioritization hierarchy based
on the urgency of flightcrew awareness
and response.
(1) Warning: For conditions that require immediate flightcrew awareness
and immediate flightcrew response.
(2) Caution: For conditions that require immediate flightcrew awareness
and subsequent flightcrew response.
(3) Advisory: For conditions that require flightcrew awareness and may require subsequent flightcrew response.
(c) Warning and caution alerts must:
(1) Be prioritized within each category, when necessary.
(2) Provide timely attention-getting
cues through at least two different
senses by a combination of aural, visual, or tactile indications.
(3) Permit each occurrence of the attention-getting cues required by paragraph (c)(2) of this section to be acknowledged and suppressed, unless
they are required to be continuous.
(d) The alert function must be designed to minimize the effects of false
and nuisance alerts. In particular, it
must be designed to:

(1) Prevent the presentation of an
alert that is inappropriate or unnecessary.
(2) Provide a means to suppress an
attention-getting component of an
alert caused by a failure of the alerting
function that interferes with the
flightcrew-s ability to safely operate
the airplane. This means must not be
readily available to the flightcrew so
that it could be operated inadvertently
or by habitual reflexive action. When
an alert is suppressed, there must be a
clear and unmistakable annunciation
to the flightcrew that the alert has
been suppressed.
(e) Visual alert indications must:
(1) Conform to the following color
convention:
(i) Red for warning alert indications.
(ii) Amber or yellow for caution alert
indications.
(iii) Any color except red or green for
advisory alert indications.
(2) Use visual coding techniques, together with other alerting function elements on the flight deck, to distinguish between warning, caution, and
advisory alert indications, if they are
presented on monochromatic displays
that are not capable of conforming to
the color convention in paragraph (e)(1)
of this section.
(f) Use of the colors red, amber, and
yellow on the flight deck for functions
other than flightcrew alerting must be
limited and must not adversely affect
flightcrew alerting.
[Amdt. 25-131, 75 FR 67209, Nov. 2, 2010]

Section 25.1323

Airspeed indicating system.

For each airspeed indicating system,
the following apply:
(a) Each airspeed indicating instrument must be approved and must be
calibrated to indicate true airspeed (at
sea level with a standard atmosphere)
with a minimum practicable instrument calibration error when the corresponding pitot and static pressures
are applied.
(b) Each system must be calibrated
to determine the system error (that is,
the relation between IAS and CAS) in
flight and during the accelerated takeoff ground run. The ground run calibration must be determined - 

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