202 

14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–19 Edition) 

Pt. 25, SFAR No. 109 

back into full compliance with the applica-
ble operational part. 

Equipment and Design 

3. 

General. 

Unless otherwise noted, compli-

ance is required with the applicable certifi-
cation basis for the airplane. Some provi-
sions of this SFAR impose alternative re-
quirements to certain airworthiness stand-
ards that do not apply to airplanes certifi-
cated to earlier standards. Those airplanes 
with an earlier certification basis are not re-
quired to comply with those alternative re-
quirements. 

4. 

Occupant Protection. 

(a) Firm Handhold. In lieu of the require-

ments of § 25.785(j), there must be means pro-
vided to enable persons to steady themselves 
in moderately rough air while occupying 
aisles that are along the cabin sidewall, or 
where practicable, bordered by seats (seat 
backs providing a 25-pound minimum break-
away force are an acceptable means of com-
pliance). 

(b) Injury criteria for multiple occupancy 

side-facing seats. The following require-
ments are only applicable to airplanes that 
are subject to § 25.562. 

(1) 

Existing Criteria. 

All injury protection 

criteria of § 25.562(c)(1) through (c)(6) apply to 
the occupants of side-facing seating. The 
Head Injury Criterion (HIC) assessments are 
only required for head contact with the seat 
and/or adjacent structures. 

(2) 

Body-to-Body Contact. 

Contact between 

the head, pelvis, torso or shoulder area of 
one Anthropomorphic Test Dummy (ATD) 
with the head, pelvis, torso or shoulder area 
of the ATD in the adjacent seat is not al-
lowed during the tests conducted in accord-
ance with § 25.562(b)(1) and (b)(2). Contact 
during rebound is allowed. 

(3) 

Thoracic Trauma. 

If the torso of an ATD 

at the forward-most seat place impacts the 
seat and/or adjacent structure during test-
ing, compliance with the Thoracic Trauma 
Index (TTI) injury criterion must be substan-
tiated by dynamic test or by rational anal-
ysis based on previous test(s) of a similar 
seat installation. TTI data must be acquired 
with a Side Impact Dummy (SID), as defined 
by 49 CFR part 572, subpart F, or an equiva-
lent ATD or a more appropriate ATD and 
must be processed as defined in Federal 
Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS) 
part 571.214, section S6.13.5 (49 CFR 571.214). 
The TTI must be less than 85, as defined in 
49 CFR part 572, subpart F. Torso contact 
during rebound is acceptable and need not be 
measured. 

(4) 

Pelvis. 

If the pelvis of an ATD at any 

seat place impacts seat and/or adjacent 
structure during testing, pelvic lateral accel-
eration injury criteria must be substantiated 
by dynamic test or by rational analysis 
based on previous test(s) of a similar seat in-
stallation. Pelvic lateral acceleration may 

not exceed 130g. Pelvic acceleration data 
must be processed as defined in FMVSS part 
571.214, section S6.13.5 (49 CFR 571.214). 

(5) 

Body-to-Wall/Furnishing Contact. 

If the 

seat is installed aft of a structure—such as 
an interior wall or furnishing that may con-
tact the pelvis, upper arm, chest, or head of 
an occupant seated next to the structure— 
the structure or a conservative representa-
tion of the structure and its stiffness must 
be included in the tests. It is recommended, 
but not required, that the contact surface of 
the actual structure be covered with at least 
two inches of energy absorbing protective 
padding (foam or equivalent) such as 
Ensolite. 

(6) 

Shoulder Strap Loads. 

Where upper torso 

straps (shoulder straps) are used for sofa oc-
cupants, the tension loads in individual 
straps may not exceed 1,750 pounds. If dual 
straps are used for restraining the upper 
torso, the total strap tension loads may not 
exceed 2,000 pounds. 

(7) 

Occupant Retention. 

All side-facing seats 

require end closures or other means to pre-
vent the ATD’s pelvis from translating be-
yond the end of the seat at any time during 
testing. 

(8) 

Test Parameters. 

(i) All seat positions need to be occupied by 

ATDs for the longitudinal tests. 

(ii) A minimum of one longitudinal test, 

conducted in accordance with the conditions 
specified in § 25.562(b)(2), is required to assess 
the injury criteria as follows. Note that if a 
seat is installed aft of structure (such as an 
interior wall or furnishing) that does not 
have a homogeneous surface, an additional 
test or tests may be required to demonstrate 
that the injury criteria are met for the area 
which an occupant could contact. For exam-
ple, different yaw angles could result in dif-
ferent injury considerations and may require 
separate tests to evaluate. 

(A) For configurations without structure 

(such as a wall or bulkhead) installed di-
rectly forward of the forward seat place, Hy-
brid II ATDs or equivalent must be in all 
seat places. 

(B) For configurations with structure (such 

as a wall or bulkhead) installed directly for-
ward of the forward seat place, a side impact 
dummy or equivalent ATD or more appro-
priate ATD must be in the forward seat place 
and a Hybrid II ATD or equivalent must be 
in all other seat places. 

(C) The test may be conducted with or 

without deformed floor. 

(D) The test must be conducted with either 

no yaw or 10 degrees yaw for evaluating oc-
cupant injury. Deviating from the no yaw 
condition may not result in the critical area 
of contact not being evaluated. The upper 
torso restraint straps, where installed, must 
remain on the occupant’s shoulder during 
the impact condition of § 25.562(b)(2). 

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