Pt. 25, SFAR No. 109

14 CFR Ch. I (1-1-19 Edition)

back into full compliance with the applicable operational part.

spaschal on DSK3GDR082PROD with CFR

Equipment and Design
3. General. Unless otherwise noted, compliance is required with the applicable certification basis for the airplane. Some provisions of this SFAR impose alternative requirements to certain airworthiness standards that do not apply to airplanes certificated to earlier standards. Those airplanes
with an earlier certification basis are not required to comply with those alternative requirements.
4. Occupant Protection.
(a) Firm Handhold. In lieu of the requirements of Section 25.785(j), there must be means provided to enable persons to steady themselves
in moderately rough air while occupying
aisles that are along the cabin sidewall, or
where practicable, bordered by seats (seat
backs providing a 25-pound minimum breakaway force are an acceptable means of compliance).
(b) Injury criteria for multiple occupancy
side-facing seats. The following requirements are only applicable to airplanes that
are subject to Section 25.562.
(1) Existing Criteria. All injury protection
criteria of Section 25.562(c)(1) through (c)(6) apply to
the occupants of side-facing seating. The
Head Injury Criterion (HIC) assessments are
only required for head contact with the seat
and/or adjacent structures.
(2) Body-to-Body Contact. Contact between
the head, pelvis, torso or shoulder area of
one Anthropomorphic Test Dummy (ATD)
with the head, pelvis, torso or shoulder area
of the ATD in the adjacent seat is not allowed during the tests conducted in accordance with Section 25.562(b)(1) and (b)(2). Contact
during rebound is allowed.
(3) Thoracic Trauma. If the torso of an ATD
at the forward-most seat place impacts the
seat and/or adjacent structure during testing, compliance with the Thoracic Trauma
Index (TTI) injury criterion must be substantiated by dynamic test or by rational analysis based on previous test(s) of a similar
seat installation. TTI data must be acquired
with a Side Impact Dummy (SID), as defined
by 49 CFR part 572, subpart F, or an equivalent ATD or a more appropriate ATD and
must be processed as defined in Federal
Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS)
part 571.214, section S6.13.5 (49 CFR 571.214).
The TTI must be less than 85, as defined in
49 CFR part 572, subpart F. Torso contact
during rebound is acceptable and need not be
measured.
(4) Pelvis. If the pelvis of an ATD at any
seat place impacts seat and/or adjacent
structure during testing, pelvic lateral acceleration injury criteria must be substantiated
by dynamic test or by rational analysis
based on previous test(s) of a similar seat installation. Pelvic lateral acceleration may

not exceed 130g. Pelvic acceleration data
must be processed as defined in FMVSS part
571.214, section S6.13.5 (49 CFR 571.214).
(5) Body-to-Wall/Furnishing Contact. If the
seat is installed aft of a structure - such as
an interior wall or furnishing that may contact the pelvis, upper arm, chest, or head of
an occupant seated next to the structure - 
the structure or a conservative representation of the structure and its stiffness must
be included in the tests. It is recommended,
but not required, that the contact surface of
the actual structure be covered with at least
two inches of energy absorbing protective
padding (foam or equivalent) such as
Ensolite.
(6) Shoulder Strap Loads. Where upper torso
straps (shoulder straps) are used for sofa occupants, the tension loads in individual
straps may not exceed 1,750 pounds. If dual
straps are used for restraining the upper
torso, the total strap tension loads may not
exceed 2,000 pounds.
(7) Occupant Retention. All side-facing seats
require end closures or other means to prevent the ATD-s pelvis from translating beyond the end of the seat at any time during
testing.
(8) Test Parameters.
(i) All seat positions need to be occupied by
ATDs for the longitudinal tests.
(ii) A minimum of one longitudinal test,
conducted in accordance with the conditions
specified in Section 25.562(b)(2), is required to assess
the injury criteria as follows. Note that if a
seat is installed aft of structure (such as an
interior wall or furnishing) that does not
have a homogeneous surface, an additional
test or tests may be required to demonstrate
that the injury criteria are met for the area
which an occupant could contact. For example, different yaw angles could result in different injury considerations and may require
separate tests to evaluate.
(A) For configurations without structure
(such as a wall or bulkhead) installed directly forward of the forward seat place, Hybrid II ATDs or equivalent must be in all
seat places.
(B) For configurations with structure (such
as a wall or bulkhead) installed directly forward of the forward seat place, a side impact
dummy or equivalent ATD or more appropriate ATD must be in the forward seat place
and a Hybrid II ATD or equivalent must be
in all other seat places.
(C) The test may be conducted with or
without deformed floor.
(D) The test must be conducted with either
no yaw or 10 degrees yaw for evaluating occupant injury. Deviating from the no yaw
condition may not result in the critical area
of contact not being evaluated. The upper
torso restraint straps, where installed, must
remain on the occupant-s shoulder during
the impact condition of Section 25.562(b)(2).

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