Federal Aviation Administration, DOT
Section 29.1419

Section 29.1435
MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT

Ice protection.

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(a) To obtain certification for flight
into icing conditions, compliance with
this section must be shown.
(b) It must be demonstrated that the
rotorcraft can be safely operated in the
continuous maximum and intermittent
maximum icing conditions determined
under appendix C of this part within
the rotorcraft altitude envelope. An
analysis must be performed to establish, on the basis of the rotorcraft-s
operational needs, the adequacy of the
ice protection system for the various
components of the rotorcraft.
(c) In addition to the analysis and
physical evaluation prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section, the effectiveness of the ice protection system and
its components must be shown by
flight tests of the rotorcraft or its components in measured natural atmospheric icing conditions and by one or
more of the following tests as found
necessary to determine the adequacy of
the ice protection system:
(1) Laboratory dry air or simulated
icing tests, or a combination of both, of
the components or models of the components.
(2) Flight dry air tests of the ice protection system as a whole, or its individual components.
(3) Flight tests of the rotorcraft or
its components in measured simulated
icing conditions.
(d) The ice protection provisions of
this section are considered to be applicable primarily to the airframe. Powerplant installation requirements are
contained in Subpart E of this part.
(e) A means must be identified or
provided for determining the formation
of ice on critical parts of the rotorcraft. Unless otherwise restricted, the
means must be available for nighttime
as well as daytime operation. The
rotorcraft flight manual must describe
the means of determining ice formation and must contain information necessary for safe operation of the rotorcraft in icing conditions.
[Amdt. 29-21, 48 FR 4391, Jan. 31, 1983]

Section 29.1431

Electronic equipment.

(a) Radio communication and navigation equipment installations must be
free from hazards in themselves, in
their method of operation, and in their
effects on other components, under any
critical environmental conditions.
(b) Radio communication and navigation equipment, controls, and wiring
must be installed so that operation of
any one unit or system of units will
not adversely affect the simultaneous
operation of any other radio or electronic unit, or system of units, required by this chapter.
Section 29.1433

Vacuum systems.

(a) There must be means, in addition
to the normal pressure relief, to automatically relieve the pressure in the
discharge lines from the vacuum air
pump when the delivery temperature of
the air becomes unsafe.
(b) Each vacuum air system line and
fitting on the discharge side of the
pump that might contain flammable
vapors or fluids must meet the requirements of Section 29.1183 if they are in a designated fire zone.
(c) Other vacuum air system components in designated fire zones must be
at least fire resistant.
Section 29.1435

Hydraulic systems.

(a) Design. Each hydraulic system
must be designed as follows:
(1) Each element of the hydraulic
system must be designed to withstand,
without detrimental, permanent deformation, any structural loads that may
be imposed simultaneously with the
maximum operating hydraulic loads.
(2) Each element of the hydraulic
system must be designed to withstand
pressures sufficiently greater than
those prescribed in paragraph (b) of
this section to show that the system
will not rupture under service conditions.
(3) There must be means to indicate
the pressure in each main hydraulic
power system.
(4) There must be means to ensure
that no pressure in any part of the system will exceed a safe limit above the
maximum operating pressure of the

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