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715 

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT 

§ 33.68 

applicant must account for in-flight 
ram effects in any critical point anal-
ysis or test demonstration of these 
flight conditions. 

(b) Operate throughout its flight 

power range, including minimum de-
scent idle rotor speeds achievable in 
flight, in the icing conditions defined 
for turbojet, turbofan, and turboprop 
engines in Appendices C and O of part 
25 of this chapter, and for turboshaft 
engines in Appendix C of part 29 of this 
chapter. In addition: 

(1) It must be shown through Critical 

Point Analysis (CPA) that the com-
plete ice envelope has been analyzed, 
and that the most critical points must 
be demonstrated by engine test, anal-
ysis, or a combination of the two to op-
erate acceptably. Extended flight in 
critical flight conditions such as hold, 
descent, approach, climb, and cruise, 
must be addressed, for the ice condi-
tions defined in these appendices. 

(2) It must be shown by engine test, 

analysis, or a combination of the two 
that the engine can operate acceptably 
for the following durations: 

(i) At engine powers that can sustain 

level flight: A duration that achieves 
repetitive, stabilized operation for tur-
bojet, turbofan, and turboprop engines 
in the icing conditions defined in Ap-
pendices C and O of part 25 of this 
chapter, and for turboshaft engines in 
the icing conditions defined in Appen-
dix C of part 29 of this chapter. 

(ii) At engine power below that which 

can sustain level flight: 

(A) Demonstration in altitude flight 

simulation test facility: A duration of 
10 minutes consistent with a simulated 
flight descent of 10,000 ft (3 km) in alti-
tude while operating in Continuous 
Maximum icing conditions defined in 
Appendix C of part 25 of this chapter 
for turbojet, turbofan, and turboprop 
engines, and for turboshaft engines in 
the icing conditions defined in Appen-
dix C of part 29 of this chapter, plus 40 
percent liquid water content margin, 
at the critical level of airspeed and air 
temperature; or 

(B) Demonstration in ground test fa-

cility: A duration of 3 cycles of alter-
nating icing exposure corresponding to 
the liquid water content levels and 
standard cloud lengths starting in 
Intermittent Maximum and then in 
Continuous Maximum icing conditions 
defined in Appendix C of part 25 of this 
chapter for turbojet, turbofan, and tur-
boprop engines, and for turboshaft en-
gines in the icing conditions defined in 
Appendix C of part 29 of this chapter, 
at the critical level of air temperature. 

(c) In addition to complying with 

paragraph (b) of this section, the fol-
lowing conditions shown in Table 1 of 
this section unless replaced by similar 
CPA test conditions that are more crit-
ical or produce an equivalent level of 
severity, must be demonstrated by an 
engine test: 

T

ABLE

1—C

ONDITIONS

T

HAT

M

UST

B

E

D

EMONSTRATED BY AN

E

NGINE

T

EST

 

Condition 

Total air temperature 

Supercooled water 

concentrations 

(minimum) 

Median volume drop diameter 

Duration 

1. Glaze ice condi-

tions.

21 to 25 

°

F (

¥

6 to 

¥

°

C).

2 g/m

3

........................

25 to 35 microns ...................

(a) 10-minutes for 

power below sus-
tainable level flight 
(idle descent). 

(b) Must show repet-

itive, stabilized op-
eration for higher 
powers (50%, 75%, 
100%MC). 

2. Rime ice conditions 

¥

10 to 0 

°

F (

¥

23 to 

¥

18 

°

C).

1 g/m

3

........................

15 to 25 microns ...................

(a) 10-minutes for 

power below sus-
tainable level flight 
(idle descent). 

(b) Must show repet-

itive, stabilized op-
eration for higher 
powers (50%, 75%, 
100%MC). 

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