Federal Aviation Administration, DOT

Section 33.76

that compliance with the requirements
has been established with the device
functioning.
(5) Objects that are accepted by the
Administrator may be substituted for
birds when conducting the bird ingestion tests required by paragraphs (b),
(c) and (d) of this section.
(6) If compliance with the requirements of this section is not established, the engine type certification
documentation will show that the engine shall be limited to aircraft installations in which it is shown that a bird
cannot strike the engine, or be ingested into the engine, or adversely restrict airflow into the engine.
(b) Large single bird. Compliance with
the large bird ingestion requirements
shall be in accordance with the following:
(1) The large bird ingestion test shall
be conducted using one bird of a weight
determined from Table 1 aimed at the
most critical exposed location on the
first stage rotor blades and ingested at
a bird speed of 200-knots for engines to
be installed on airplanes, or the maximum airspeed for normal rotorcraft
flight operations for engines to be installed on rotorcraft.
(2) Power lever movement is not permitted within 15 seconds following ingestion of the large bird.
(3) Ingestion of a single large bird
tested under the conditions prescribed
in this section may not result in any
condition described in Section 33.75(g)(2) of
this part.
(4) Compliance with the large bird ingestion requirements of this paragraph
may be shown by demonstrating that
the requirements of Section 33.94(a) constitute
a more severe demonstration of blade
containment and rotor unbalance than
the requirements of this paragraph.
TABLE 1 TO Section 33.76 - LARGE BIRD WEIGHT
REQUIREMENTS
Engine Inlet Throat Area
(A) - Square-meters (squareinches)

spaschal on DSK3GDR082PROD with CFR

1.35 (2,092)>A .......................

1.35 (2,092)-A<3.90 (6,045)
3.90 (6,045)-A .......................

Bird weight kg. (lb.)
1.85 (4.07) minimum, unless
a smaller bird is determined to be a more severe
demonstration.
2.75 (6.05)
3.65 (8.03)

(c) Small and medium flocking bird
Compliance with the small and medium bird ingestion requirements shall
be in accordance with the following:
(1) Analysis or component test, or
both, acceptable to the Administrator,
shall be conducted to determine the
critical ingestion parameters affecting
power loss and damage. Critical ingestion parameters shall include, but are
not limited to, the effects of bird speed,
critical target location, and first stage
rotor speed. The critical bird ingestion
speed should reflect the most critical
condition within the range of airspeeds
used for normal flight operations up to
1,500 feet above ground level, but not
less than V1 minimum for airplanes.
(2) Medium bird engine tests shall be
conducted so as to simulate a flock encounter, and will use the bird weights
and quantities specified in Table 2.
When only one bird is specified, that
bird will be aimed at the engine core
primary flow path; the other critical
locations on the engine face area must
be addressed, as necessary, by appropriate tests or analysis, or both. When
two or more birds are specified in Table
2, the largest of those birds must be
aimed at the engine core primary flow
path, and a second bird must be aimed
at the most critical exposed location
on the first stage rotor blades. Any remaining birds must be evenly distributed over the engine face area.
(3) In addition, except for rotorcraft
engines, it must also be substantiated
by appropriate tests or analysis or
both, that when the full fan assembly
is subjected to the ingestion of the
quantity and weights of bird from
Table 3, aimed at the fan assembly-s
most critical location outboard of the
primary core flowpath, and in accordance with the applicable test conditions of this paragraph, that the engine
can comply with the acceptance criteria of this paragraph.
(4) A small bird ingestion test is not
required if the prescribed number of
medium birds pass into the engine
rotor blades during the medium bird
test.
(5) Small bird ingestion tests shall be
conducted so as to simulate a flock encounter using one 85 gram (0.187 lb.)
bird for each 0.032 square-meter (49.6
square-inches) of inlet area, or fraction

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