921 

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT 

§ 105.13 

using a single-harness, dual parachute 
system to descend to the surface. 

Parachutist in command 

means the 

person responsible for the operation 
and safety of a tandem parachute oper-
ation. 

Passenger parachutist 

means a person 

who boards an aircraft, acting as other 
than the parachutist in command of a 
tandem parachute operation, with the 
intent of exiting the aircraft while in- 
flight using the forward harness of a 
dual harness tandem parachute system 
to descend to the surface. 

Pilot chute 

means a small parachute 

used to initiate and/or accelerate de-
ployment of a main or reserve para-
chute. 

Ram-air parachute 

means a parachute 

with a canopy consisting of an upper 
and lower surface that is inflated by 
ram air entering through specially de-
signed openings in the front of the can-
opy to form a gliding airfoil. 

Reserve parachute 

means an approved 

parachute worn for emergency use to 
be activated only upon failure of the 
main parachute or in any other emer-
gency where use of the main parachute 
is impractical or use of the main para-
chute would increase risk. 

Single-harness, dual parachute system: 

means the combination of a main para-
chute, approved reserve parachute, and 
approved single person harness and 
dual-parachute container. This para-
chute system may have an operational 
automatic activation device installed. 

Tandem parachute operation: 

means a 

parachute operation in which more 
than one person simultaneously uses 
the same tandem parachute system 
while descending to the surface from 
an aircraft in flight. 

Tandem parachute system: 

means the 

combination of a main parachute, ap-
proved reserve parachute, and approved 
harness and dual parachute container, 
and a separate approved forward har-
ness for a passenger parachutist. This 
parachute system must have an oper-
ational automatic activation device in-
stalled. 

§ 105.5

General. 

No person may conduct a parachute 

operation, and no pilot in command of 
an aircraft may allow a parachute op-
eration to be conducted from an air-

craft, if that operation creates a hazard 
to air traffic or to persons or property 
on the surface. 

§ 105.7

Use of alcohol and drugs. 

No person may conduct a parachute 

operation, and no pilot in command of 
an aircraft may allow a person to con-
duct a parachute operation from that 
aircraft, if that person is or appears to 
be under the influence of— 

(a) Alcohol, or 
(b) Any drug that affects that per-

son’s faculties in any way contrary to 
safety. 

§ 105.9

Inspections. 

The Administrator may inspect any 

parachute operation to which this part 
applies (including inspections at the 
site where the parachute operation is 
being conducted) to determine compli-
ance with the regulations of this part. 

Subpart B—Operating Rules 

§ 105.13

Radio equipment and use re-

quirements. 

(a) Except when otherwise authorized 

by air traffic control— 

(1) No person may conduct a para-

chute operation, and no pilot in com-
mand of an aircraft may allow a para-
chute operation to be conducted from 
that aircraft, in or into controlled air-
space unless, during that flight— 

(i) The aircraft is equipped with a 

functioning two-way radio communica-
tion system appropriate to the air traf-
fic control facilities being used; and 

(ii) Radio communications have been 

established between the aircraft and 
the air traffic control facility having 
jurisdiction over the affected airspace 
of the first intended exit altitude at 
least 5 minutes before the parachute 
operation begins. The pilot in com-
mand must establish radio communica-
tions to receive information regarding 
air traffic activity in the vicinity of 
the parachute operation. 

(2) The pilot in command of an air-

craft used for any parachute operation 
in or into controlled airspace must, 
during each flight— 

(i) Continuously monitor the appro-

priate frequency of the aircraft’s radio 
communications system from the time 

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