Federal Aviation Administration, DOT

Pt. 60, App. C

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(3) Simulation of Computer Controlled Aircraft using software emulation of helicopter
boxes;
(4) Simulation using software avionics or
rehosted instruments.
c. Figure C2C illustrates the total transport delay for a non-computer-controlled
helicopter or the classic transport delay test.
Since there are no helicopter-induced delays
for this case, the total transport delay is
equivalent to the introduced delay.
d. Figure C2D illustrates the transport
delay testing method using the real helicopter controller system.
e. To obtain the induced transport delay
for the motion, instrument and visual signal,
the delay induced by the helicopter controller should be subtracted from the total
transport delay. This difference represents
the introduced delay and should not exceed
the standards prescribed in Table C1A.
f. Introduced transport delay is measured
from the flight deck control input to the reaction of the instruments and motion and
visual systems (See Figure C2C).
g. The control input may also be introduced after the helicopter controller system
input and the introduced transport delay
may be measured directly from the control
input to the reaction of the instruments, and
simulator motion and visual systems (See
Figure C2D).
h. Figure C2E illustrates the transport
delay testing method used on a flight simulator that uses a software emulated helicopter controller system.
i. It is not possible to measure the introduced transport delay using the simulated
helicopter controller system architecture for
the pitch, roll and yaw axes. Therefore, the
signal should be measured directly from the
pilot controller. The flight simulator manufacturer should measure the total transport
delay and subtract the inherent delay of the
actual helicopter components because the
real helicopter controller system has an inherent delay provided by the helicopter manufacturer. The flight simulator manufacturer should ensure that the introduced
delay does not exceed the standards prescribed in Table C1A.
j. Special measurements for instrument
signals for flight simulators using a real helicopter instrument display system instead of
a simulated or re-hosted display. For flight
instrument systems, the total transport

delay should be measured and the inherent
delay of the actual helicopter components
subtracted to ensure that the introduced
delay does not exceed the standards prescribed in Table C1A.
(1) Figure C2FA illustrates the transport
delay procedure without helicopter display
simulation. The introduced delay consists of
the delay between the control movement and
the instrument change on the data bus.
(2) Figure C2FB illustrates the modified
testing method required to measure introduced delay due to software avionics or rehosted instruments. The total simulated instrument transport delay is measured and
the helicopter delay should be subtracted
from this total. This difference represents
the introduced delay and should not exceed
the standards prescribed in Table C1A. The
inherent delay of the helicopter between the
data bus and the displays is indicated in figure C2FA. The display manufacturer should
provide this delay time.
k. Recorded signals. The signals recorded
to conduct the transport delay calculations
should be explained on a schematic block
diagram. The flight simulator manufacturer
should also provide an explanation of why
each signal was selected and how they relate
to the above descriptions.
l. Interpretation of results. Flight simulator results vary over time from test to test
due to  - sampling uncertainty. -  All flight
simulators run at a specific rate where all
modules are executed sequentially in the
host computer. The flight controls input can
occur at any time in the iteration, but these
data will not be processed before the start of
the new iteration. For example, a flight simulator running at 60 Hz may have a difference of as much as 16.67 msec between results. This does not mean that the test has
failed. Instead, the difference is attributed to
variation in input processing. In some conditions, the host simulator and the visual system do not run at the same iteration rate, so
the output of the host computer to the visual
system will not always be synchronized.
m. The transport delay test should account
for both daylight and night modes of operation of the visual system. In both cases, the
tolerances prescribed in Table C1A should be
met and the motion response should occur
before the end of the first video scan containing new information.

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