498 

14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–19 Edition) 

Pt. 60, App. F 

time is ‘‘grandfathered’’ or held to the stand-
ards that were in effect during that time pe-
riod. The grandfathered standards remain 
applicable to each FSTD manufactured dur-
ing the stated time period regardless of any 
subsequent modification to those standards 
and regardless of the sponsor, as long as the 
FSTD remains qualified or is maintained in 
a non-qualified status in accordance with the 
specific requirements and time periods pre-
scribed in this part. 

Gross Weight

—For objective test purposes: 

Basic Operating Weight (BOW)

—the empty 

weight of the aircraft plus the weight of the 
following: Normal oil quantity; lavatory 
servicing fluid; potable water; required crew-
members and their baggage; and emergency 
equipment. 

Light Gross Weight

—a weight chosen by the 

sponsor or data provider that is not more 
than 120% of the BOW of the aircraft being 
simulated or the minimum practical oper-
ating weight of the test aircraft. 

Medium Gross Weight

—a weight chosen by 

the sponsor or data provider that is within 
10% of the average of the numerical values of 
the BOW and the maximum certificated 
gross weight. 

Near Maximum Gross Weight

—a weight cho-

sen by the sponsor or data provider that is 
not less than the BOW of the aircraft being 
simulated plus 80% of the difference between 
the maximum certificated gross weight (ei-
ther takeoff weight or landing weight, as ap-
propriate for the test) and the BOW. 

Ground Effect

—the change in aerodynamic 

characteristics due to of the change in the 
airflow past the aircraft caused by the prox-
imity of the earth’s surface to the airplane. 

Hands Off

—a test maneuver conducted 

without pilot control inputs. 

Hands On

—a test maneuver conducted with 

pilot control inputs as required. 

Heave

—FSTD movement with respect to or 

along the vertical axis. 

Height

—the height above ground level (or 

AGL) expressed in meters or feet. 

‘‘In Use’’ Runway

—as used in this part, the 

runway that is currently selected, able to be 
used for takeoffs and landings, and has the 
surface lighting and markings required by 
this part. Also known as the ‘‘active’’ run-
way. 

Integrated Testing

—testing of the FSTD so 

that all aircraft system models are active 
and contribute appropriately to the results. 
With integrated testing, none of the models 
used are substituted with models or other al-
gorithms intended for testing only. 

Irreversible Control System

—a control sys-

tem where movement of the control surface 
will not backdrive the pilot’s control on the 
flight deck. 

Locked

—a test condition where one or more 

variables are held constant with time. 

Manual Testing

—FSTD testing conducted 

without computer inputs except for initial 

setup, and all modules of the simulation are 
active. 

Master Qualification Test Guide (MQTG)

— 

the FAA-approved Qualification Test Guide 
with the addition of the FAA-witnessed test 
results, applicable to each individual FSTD. 

Medium

—the normal operational weight for 

a given flight segment. 

National Simulator Program Manager 

(NSPM)

—the FAA manager responsible for 

the overall administration and direction of 
the National Simulator Program (NSP), or a 
person approved by that FAA manager. 

Near Limiting Performance

—the perform-

ance level the operating engine must be re-
quired to achieve to have sufficient power to 
land a helicopter after experiencing a single 
engine failure during takeoff of a multien-
gine helicopter. The operating engine must 
be required to operate within at least 5 per-
cent of the maximum RPM or temperature 
limits of the gas turbine or power turbine, or 
operate within at least 5 percent of the max-
imum drive train torque limits. Near lim-
iting performance is based on the existing 
combination of density altitude, tempera-
ture, and helicopter gross weight. 

Nominal

—the normal operating configura-

tion, atmospheric conditions, and flight pa-
rameters for the specified flight segment. 

Non-Normal Control

—a term used in ref-

erence to Computer Controlled Aircraft. It is 
the state where one or more of the intended 
control, augmentation, or protection func-
tions are not fully working. Note: Specific 
terms such as ALTERNATE, DIRECT, SEC-
ONDARY, or BACKUP may be used to define 
an actual level of degradation. 

Normal Control

—a term used in reference to 

Computer Controlled Aircraft. It is the state 
where the intended control, augmentation, 
and protection functions are fully working. 

Objective Data

—quantitative data, accept-

able to the NSPM, used to evaluate the 
FSTD. 

Objective Test

—a quantitative measurement 

and evaluation of FSTD performance. 

Pitch

—the airplane attitude with respect 

to, or around, the lateral axis expressed in 
degrees. 

Power Lever Angle (PLA)

—the angle of the 

pilot’s primary engine control lever(s) on the 
flight deck. This may also be referred to as 
THROTTLE or POWER LEVER. 

Predicted Data

—estimations or extrapo-

lations of existing flight test data or data 
from other simulation models using engi-
neering analyses, engineering simulations, 
design data, or wind tunnel data. 

Protection Functions

—systems functions de-

signed to protect an airplane from exceeding 
its flight maneuver limitations. 

Pulse Input

—a step input to a control fol-

lowed by an immediate return to the initial 
position. 

Qualification Level

—the categorization of 

an FSTD established by the NSPM based on 

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