500 

14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–19 Edition) 

Pt. 60, App. F 

or instrument response. It is the overall time 
delay incurred from signal input to output 
response. It does not include the char-
acteristic delay of the airplane simulated. 

Update

—an improvement to or moderniza-

tion of the quality or the accuracy of the 
FSTD without affecting the qualification 
level of the FSTD. 

Upgrade

—the improvement or enhance-

ment of an FSTD for the purpose of achiev-
ing a higher qualification level. 

Validation Data

—objective data used to de-

termine if the FSTD performance is within 
the tolerances prescribed in the QPS. 

Validation Test

—an objective test where 

FSTD parameters are compared to the rel-
evant validation data to ensure that the 
FSTD performance is within the tolerances 
prescribed in the QPS. 

Visual Data Base

—a display that may in-

clude one or more airport models. 

Visual System Response Time

—the interval 

from a control input to the completion of the 
visual display scan of the first video field 
containing the resulting different informa-
tion. 

Yaw

—the airplane attitude with respect to, 

or around, the vertical axis expressed in de-
grees. 

3. Abbreviations 

AFM

Airplane Flight Manual. 

AGL

Above Ground Level (meters or feet). 

AOA

Angle of Attack (degrees). 

APD

Aircrew Program Designee. 

CCA

Computer Controlled Aircraft. 

cd/m2

candela/meter

2

, 3.4263 candela/m

2

= 1 

ft-Lambert. 

CFR

Code of Federal Regulations. 

cm(s)

centimeter, centimeters. 

daN

decaNewtons, one (1) decaNewton = 2.27 

pounds. 

deg(s)

degree, degrees. 

DOF

Degrees-of-freedom. 

eMQTG

Electronic Master Qualification 

Test Guide. 

EPR

Engine Pressure Ratio. 

FAA

Federal Aviation Administration 

(U.S.). 

FATO

Final Approach and Take Off area 

fpm

feet per minute. 

ft

foot/feet, 1 foot = 0.304801 meters. 

ft-Lambert

foot-Lambert, 1 ft-Lambert = 

3.4263 candela/m

2

. 

g

Acceleration due to Gravity (meters or 

feet/sec

2

); 1g = 9.81 m/sec

2

or 32.2 feet/sec

2

. 

G/S

Glideslope. 

IATA

International Airline Transport Asso-

ciation. 

ICAO

International Civil Aviation Organi-

zation. 

IGE

In ground effect. 

ILS

Instrument Landing System. 

IOS

Instructor Operating Station. 

IQTG

International Qualification Test 

Guide. 

km

Kilometers; 1 km = 0.62137 Statute 

Miles. 

kPa

KiloPascal (Kilo Newton/Meters2). 1 psi 

= 6.89476 kPa. 

kts

Knots calibrated airspeed unless other-

wise specified, 1 knot = 0.5148 m/sec or 1.689 
ft/sec. 

lb(s)

pound(s), one (1) pound = 0.44 

decaNewton. 

LDP

Landing decision point. 

MQTG

Master Qualification Test Guide 

M,m

Meters, 1 Meter = 3.28083 feet. 

Min(s)

Minute, minutes. 

MLG

Main Landing Gear. 

Mpa

MegaPascals (1 psi = 6894.76 pascals). 

ms

millisecond(s). 

N

NORMAL CONTROL Used in reference to 

Computer Controlled Aircraft. 

nm

Nautical Mile(s) 1 Nautical Mile = 6,080 

feet. 

NN

NON-NORMAL CONTROL Used in ref-

erence to Computer Controlled Aircraft. 

N1

Low Pressure Rotor revolutions per 

minute, expressed in percent of maximum. 

N2

High Pressure Rotor revolutions per 

minute, expressed in percent of maximum. 

N3

High Pressure Rotor revolutions per 

minute, expressed in percent of maximum. 

NSPM

National Simulator Program Man-

ager. 

NWA

Nosewheel Angle (degrees). 

OGE

Out of ground effect. 

PAPI

Precision Approach Path Indicator 

System. 

Pf

Impact or Feel Pressure, often expressed 

as ‘‘q.’’ 

PLA

Power Lever Angle. 

PLF

Power for Level Flight. 

psi

pounds per square inch. 

QPS

Qualification Performance Standard. 

QTG

Qualification Test Guide. 

RAE

Royal Aerospace Establishment. 

R/C

Rate of Climb (meters/sec or feet/min). 

R/D

Rate of Descent (meters/sec or feet/ 

min). 

REIL

Runway End Identifier Lights. 

RVR

Runway Visual Range (meters or 

feet). 

s

second(s). 

sec(s)

second, seconds. 

sm

Statute Mile(s) 1 Statute Mile = 5,280 

feet. 

SMGCS

Surface Movement Guidance and 

Control System. 

SOC

Statement of Compliance and Capa-

bility. 

SOQ

Statement of Qualification. 

TIR

Type Inspection Report. 

TLOF

Touchdown and Loft Off area. 

T/O

Takeoff. 

VASI

Visual Approach Slope Indicator Sys-

tem. 

VGS

Visual Ground Segment. 

V

1

Decision speed. 

V

2

Takeoff safety speed. 

Vmc

Minimum Control Speed. 

Vmca

Minimum Control Speed in the air. 

Vmcg

Minimum Control Speed on the 

ground. 

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