612 

14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–19 Edition) 

§ 61.195 

category and class ratings appropriate 
to the aircraft in which the instrument 
training is being conducted. 

(2) If the flight instructor is con-

ducting the instrument training in a 
multiengine airplane, the flight in-
structor must hold an instrument rat-
ing appropriate to the aircraft used for 
the instrument training on his or her 
flight instructor certificate and meet 
the requirements of paragraph (b) of 
this section. 

(d) 

Limitations on endorsements. 

A 

flight instructor may not endorse a: 

(1) Student pilot’s logbook for solo 

flight privileges, unless that flight in-
structor has— 

(i) Given that student the flight 

training required for solo flight privi-
leges required by this part; and 

(ii) Determined that the student is 

prepared to conduct the flight safely 
under known circumstances, subject to 
any limitations listed in the student’s 
logbook that the instructor considers 
necessary for the safety of the flight. 

(2) Student pilot’s logbook for a solo 

cross-country flight, unless that flight 
instructor has determined the stu-
dent’s flight preparation, planning, 
equipment, and proposed procedures 
are adequate for the proposed flight 
under the existing conditions and with-
in any limitations listed in the logbook 
that the instructor considers necessary 
for the safety of the flight; 

(3) Student pilot’s logbook for solo 

flight in a Class B airspace area or at 
an airport within Class B airspace un-
less that flight instructor has— 

(i) Given that student ground and 

flight training in that Class B airspace 
or at that airport; and 

(ii) Determined that the student is 

proficient to operate the aircraft safe-
ly. 

(4) Logbook of a recreational pilot, 

unless that flight instructor has— 

(i) Given that pilot the ground and 

flight training required by this part; 
and 

(ii) Determined that the recreational 

pilot is proficient to operate the air-
craft safely. 

(5) Logbook of a pilot for a flight re-

view, unless that instructor has con-
ducted a review of that pilot in accord-
ance with the requirements of § 61.56(a) 
of this part; or 

(6) Logbook of a pilot for an instru-

ment proficiency check, unless that in-
structor has tested that pilot in ac-
cordance with the requirements of 
§ 61.57(d) of this part. 

(e) 

Training in an aircraft that requires 

a type rating. 

A flight instructor may 

not give flight instruction, including 
instrument training, in an aircraft 
that requires the pilot in command to 
hold a type rating unless the flight in-
structor holds a type rating for that 
aircraft on his or her pilot certificate. 

(f) 

Training received in a multiengine 

airplane, a helicopter, or a powered-lift. 

A 

flight instructor may not give training 
required for the issuance of a certifi-
cate or rating in a multiengine air-
plane, a helicopter, or a powered-lift 
unless that flight instructor has at 
least 5 flight hours of pilot-in-com-
mand time in the specific make and 
model of multiengine airplane, heli-
copter, or powered-lift, as appropriate. 

(g) 

Position in aircraft and required 

pilot stations for providing flight training. 

(1) A flight instructor must perform all 
training from in an aircraft that com-
plies with the requirements of § 91.109 
of this chapter. 

(2) A flight instructor who provides 

flight training for a pilot certificate or 
rating issued under this part must pro-
vide that flight training in an aircraft 
that meets the following require-
ments— 

(i) The aircraft must have at least 

two pilot stations and be of the same 
category, class, and type, if appro-
priate, that applies to the pilot certifi-
cate or rating sought. 

(ii) For single-place aircraft, the pre- 

solo flight training must have been 
provided in an aircraft that has two 
pilot stations and is of the same cat-
egory, class, and type, if appropriate. 

(h) 

Qualifications of the flight instruc-

tor for training first-time flight instructor 
applicants. 

(1) The ground training pro-

vided to an initial applicant for a flight 
instructor certificate must be given by 
an authorized instructor who— 

(i) Holds a ground or flight instructor 

certificate with the appropriate rating, 
has held that certificate for at least 24 
calendar months, and has given at 
least 40 hours of ground training; or 

(ii) Holds a ground or flight instruc-

tor certificate with the appropriate 

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