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Section 61.195

14 CFR Ch. I (1-1-19 Edition)

category and class ratings appropriate
to the aircraft in which the instrument
training is being conducted.
(2) If the flight instructor is conducting the instrument training in a
multiengine airplane, the flight instructor must hold an instrument rating appropriate to the aircraft used for
the instrument training on his or her
flight instructor certificate and meet
the requirements of paragraph (b) of
this section.
(d) Limitations on endorsements. A
flight instructor may not endorse a:
(1) Student pilot-s logbook for solo
flight privileges, unless that flight instructor has - 
(i) Given that student the flight
training required for solo flight privileges required by this part; and
(ii) Determined that the student is
prepared to conduct the flight safely
under known circumstances, subject to
any limitations listed in the student-s
logbook that the instructor considers
necessary for the safety of the flight.
(2) Student pilot-s logbook for a solo
cross-country flight, unless that flight
instructor has determined the student-s flight preparation, planning,
equipment, and proposed procedures
are adequate for the proposed flight
under the existing conditions and within any limitations listed in the logbook
that the instructor considers necessary
for the safety of the flight;
(3) Student pilot-s logbook for solo
flight in a Class B airspace area or at
an airport within Class B airspace unless that flight instructor has - 
(i) Given that student ground and
flight training in that Class B airspace
or at that airport; and
(ii) Determined that the student is
proficient to operate the aircraft safely.
(4) Logbook of a recreational pilot,
unless that flight instructor has - 
(i) Given that pilot the ground and
flight training required by this part;
and
(ii) Determined that the recreational
pilot is proficient to operate the aircraft safely.
(5) Logbook of a pilot for a flight review, unless that instructor has conducted a review of that pilot in accordance with the requirements of Section 61.56(a)
of this part; or

(6) Logbook of a pilot for an instrument proficiency check, unless that instructor has tested that pilot in accordance with the requirements of
Section 61.57(d) of this part.
(e) Training in an aircraft that requires
a type rating. A flight instructor may
not give flight instruction, including
instrument training, in an aircraft
that requires the pilot in command to
hold a type rating unless the flight instructor holds a type rating for that
aircraft on his or her pilot certificate.
(f) Training received in a multiengine
airplane, a helicopter, or a powered-lift. A
flight instructor may not give training
required for the issuance of a certificate or rating in a multiengine airplane, a helicopter, or a powered-lift
unless that flight instructor has at
least 5 flight hours of pilot-in-command time in the specific make and
model of multiengine airplane, helicopter, or powered-lift, as appropriate.
(g) Position in aircraft and required
pilot stations for providing flight training.
(1) A flight instructor must perform all
training from in an aircraft that complies with the requirements of Section 91.109
of this chapter.
(2) A flight instructor who provides
flight training for a pilot certificate or
rating issued under this part must provide that flight training in an aircraft
that meets the following requirements - 
(i) The aircraft must have at least
two pilot stations and be of the same
category, class, and type, if appropriate, that applies to the pilot certificate or rating sought.
(ii) For single-place aircraft, the presolo flight training must have been
provided in an aircraft that has two
pilot stations and is of the same category, class, and type, if appropriate.
(h) Qualifications of the flight instructor for training first-time flight instructor
applicants. (1) The ground training provided to an initial applicant for a flight
instructor certificate must be given by
an authorized instructor who - 
(i) Holds a ground or flight instructor
certificate with the appropriate rating,
has held that certificate for at least 24
calendar months, and has given at
least 40 hours of ground training; or
(ii) Holds a ground or flight instructor certificate with the appropriate

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