525 

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT 

§ 61.31 

Administrator or by an approved pilot 
check airman. 

(h) 

Additional aircraft type-specific 

training. 

No person may serve as pilot 

in command of an aircraft that the Ad-
ministrator has determined requires 
aircraft type-specific training unless 
that person has— 

(1) Received and logged type-specific 

training in the aircraft, or in a full 
flight simulator or flight training de-
vice that is representative of that type 
of aircraft; and 

(2) Received a logbook endorsement 

from an authorized instructor who has 
found the person proficient in the oper-
ation of the aircraft and its systems. 

(i) 

Additional training required for op-

erating tailwheel airplanes. 

(1) Except as 

provided in paragraph (i)(2) of this sec-
tion, no person may act as pilot in 
command of a tailwheel airplane unless 
that person has received and logged 
flight training from an authorized in-
structor in a tailwheel airplane and re-
ceived an endorsement in the person’s 
logbook from an authorized instructor 
who found the person proficient in the 
operation of a tailwheel airplane. The 
flight training must include at least 
the following maneuvers and proce-
dures: 

(i) Normal and crosswind takeoffs 

and landings; 

(ii) Wheel landings (unless the manu-

facturer has recommended against such 
landings); and 

(iii) Go-around procedures. 
(2) The training and endorsement re-

quired by paragraph (i)(1) of this sec-
tion is not required if the person logged 
pilot-in-command time in a tailwheel 
airplane before April 15, 1991. 

(j) 

Additional training required for op-

erating a glider. 

(1) No person may act 

as pilot in command of a glider— 

(i) Using ground-tow procedures, un-

less that person has satisfactorily ac-
complished ground and flight training 
on ground-tow procedures and oper-
ations, and has received an endorse-
ment from an authorized instructor 
who certifies in that pilot’s logbook 
that the pilot has been found proficient 
in ground-tow procedures and oper-
ations; 

(ii) Using aerotow procedures, unless 

that person has satisfactorily accom-
plished ground and flight training on 

aerotow procedures and operations, and 
has received an endorsement from an 
authorized instructor who certifies in 
that pilot’s logbook that the pilot has 
been found proficient in aerotow proce-
dures and operations; or 

(iii) Using self-launch procedures, un-

less that person has satisfactorily ac-
complished ground and flight training 
on self-launch procedures and oper-
ations, and has received an endorse-
ment from an authorized instructor 
who certifies in that pilot’s logbook 
that the pilot has been found proficient 
in self-launch procedures and oper-
ations. 

(2) The holder of a glider rating 

issued prior to August 4, 1997, is consid-
ered to be in compliance with the 
training and logbook endorsement re-
quirements of this paragraph for the 
specific operating privilege for which 
the holder is already qualified. 

(k) 

Additional training required for 

night vision goggle operations. 

(1) Except 

as provided under paragraph (k)(3) of 
this section, a person may act as pilot 
in command of an aircraft using night 
vision goggles only if that person re-
ceives and logs ground training from 
an authorized instructor and obtains a 
logbook or training record endorse-
ment from an authorized instructor 
who certifies the person completed the 
ground training. The ground training 
must include the following subjects: 

(i) Applicable portions of this chapter 

that relate to night vision goggle limi-
tations and flight operations; 

(ii) Aeromedical factors related to 

the use of night vision goggles, includ-
ing how to protect night vision, how 
the eyes adapt to night, self-imposed 
stresses that affect night vision, effects 
of lighting on night vision, cues used to 
estimate distance and depth perception 
at night, and visual illusions; 

(iii) Normal, abnormal, and emer-

gency operations of night vision goggle 
equipment; 

(iv) Night vision goggle performance 

and scene interpretation; and 

(v) Night vision goggle operation 

flight planning, including night terrain 
interpretation and factors affecting 
terrain interpretation. 

(2) Except as provided under para-

graph (k)(3) of this section, a person 

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