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Federal Aviation Administration, DOT

Section 61.31

Administrator or by an approved pilot
check airman.
(h) Additional aircraft type-specific
training. No person may serve as pilot
in command of an aircraft that the Administrator has determined requires
aircraft type-specific training unless
that person has - 
(1) Received and logged type-specific
training in the aircraft, or in a full
flight simulator or flight training device that is representative of that type
of aircraft; and
(2) Received a logbook endorsement
from an authorized instructor who has
found the person proficient in the operation of the aircraft and its systems.
(i) Additional training required for operating tailwheel airplanes. (1) Except as
provided in paragraph (i)(2) of this section, no person may act as pilot in
command of a tailwheel airplane unless
that person has received and logged
flight training from an authorized instructor in a tailwheel airplane and received an endorsement in the person-s
logbook from an authorized instructor
who found the person proficient in the
operation of a tailwheel airplane. The
flight training must include at least
the following maneuvers and procedures:
(i) Normal and crosswind takeoffs
and landings;
(ii) Wheel landings (unless the manufacturer has recommended against such
landings); and
(iii) Go-around procedures.
(2) The training and endorsement required by paragraph (i)(1) of this section is not required if the person logged
pilot-in-command time in a tailwheel
airplane before April 15, 1991.
(j) Additional training required for operating a glider. (1) No person may act
as pilot in command of a glider - 
(i) Using ground-tow procedures, unless that person has satisfactorily accomplished ground and flight training
on ground-tow procedures and operations, and has received an endorsement from an authorized instructor
who certifies in that pilot-s logbook
that the pilot has been found proficient
in ground-tow procedures and operations;
(ii) Using aerotow procedures, unless
that person has satisfactorily accomplished ground and flight training on

aerotow procedures and operations, and
has received an endorsement from an
authorized instructor who certifies in
that pilot-s logbook that the pilot has
been found proficient in aerotow procedures and operations; or
(iii) Using self-launch procedures, unless that person has satisfactorily accomplished ground and flight training
on self-launch procedures and operations, and has received an endorsement from an authorized instructor
who certifies in that pilot-s logbook
that the pilot has been found proficient
in self-launch procedures and operations.
(2) The holder of a glider rating
issued prior to August 4, 1997, is considered to be in compliance with the
training and logbook endorsement requirements of this paragraph for the
specific operating privilege for which
the holder is already qualified.
(k) Additional training required for
night vision goggle operations. (1) Except
as provided under paragraph (k)(3) of
this section, a person may act as pilot
in command of an aircraft using night
vision goggles only if that person receives and logs ground training from
an authorized instructor and obtains a
logbook or training record endorsement from an authorized instructor
who certifies the person completed the
ground training. The ground training
must include the following subjects:
(i) Applicable portions of this chapter
that relate to night vision goggle limitations and flight operations;
(ii) Aeromedical factors related to
the use of night vision goggles, including how to protect night vision, how
the eyes adapt to night, self-imposed
stresses that affect night vision, effects
of lighting on night vision, cues used to
estimate distance and depth perception
at night, and visual illusions;
(iii) Normal, abnormal, and emergency operations of night vision goggle
equipment;
(iv) Night vision goggle performance
and scene interpretation; and
(v) Night vision goggle operation
flight planning, including night terrain
interpretation and factors affecting
terrain interpretation.
(2) Except as provided under paragraph (k)(3) of this section, a person

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