Section 61.45

14 CFR Ch. I (1-1-19 Edition)

(3) Satisfactorily accomplishes any
additional training needed and obtains
the appropriate instructor endorsements, if additional training is required; and
(4) Presents to the examiner for the
retest a properly completed and signed
application.

kpayne on VMOFRWIN702 with $$_JOB

[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997, as
amended by Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42549, Aug.
21, 2009; Amdt. 61-142, 83 FR 30276, June 27,
2018]

Section 61.45 Practical tests: Required aircraft and equipment.
(a) General. Except as provided in
paragraph (a)(2) of this section or when
permitted to accomplish the entire
flight increment of the practical test
in a flight simulator or a flight training device, an applicant for a certificate or rating issued under this part
must furnish:
(1) An aircraft of U.S. registry for
each required test that - 
(i) Is of the category, class, and type,
if applicable, for which the applicant is
applying for a certificate or rating; and
(ii) Has a standard airworthiness certificate or special airworthiness certificate in the limited, primary, or lightsport category.
(2) At the discretion of the examiner
who administers the practical test, the
applicant may furnish - 
(i) An aircraft that has an airworthiness certificate other than a standard
airworthiness certificate or special airworthiness certificate in the limited,
primary, or light-sport category, but
that otherwise meets the requirements
of paragraph (a)(1) of this section;
(ii) An aircraft of the same category,
class, and type, if applicable, of foreign
registry that is properly certificated by
the country of registry; or
(iii) A military aircraft of the same
category, class, and type, if aircraft
class and type are appropriate, for
which the applicant is applying for a
certificate or rating, and provided - 
(A) The aircraft is under the direct
operational control of the U.S. Armed
Forces;
(B) The aircraft is airworthy under
the maintenance standards of the U.S.
Armed Forces; and
(C) The applicant has a letter from
his or her commanding officer author-

izing the use of the aircraft for the
practical test.
(b) Required equipment (other than controls). (1) Except as provided in paragraph (b)(2) of this section, an aircraft
used for a practical test must have - 
(i) The equipment for each area of operation required for the practical test;
(ii) No prescribed operating limitations that prohibit its use in any of the
areas of operation required for the
practical test;
(iii) Except as provided in paragraphs
(e) and (f) of this section, at least two
pilot stations with adequate visibility
for each person to operate the aircraft
safely; and
(iv) Cockpit and outside visibility
adequate to evaluate the performance
of the applicant when an additional
jump seat is provided for the examiner.
(2) An applicant for a certificate or
rating may use an aircraft with operating characteristics that preclude the
applicant from performing all of the
tasks required for the practical test.
However, the applicant-s certificate or
rating, as appropriate, will be issued
with an appropriate limitation.
(c) Required controls. Except for lighter-than-air aircraft, and a glider without an engine, an aircraft used for a
practical test must have engine power
controls and flight controls that are
easily reached and operable in a conventional manner by both pilots, unless the Examiner determines that the
practical test can be conducted safely
in the aircraft without the controls
easily reached by the Examiner.
(d) Simulated instrument flight equipment. An applicant for a practical test
that involves maneuvering an aircraft
solely by reference to instruments
must furnish:
(1) Equipment on board the aircraft
that permits the applicant to pass the
areas of operation that apply to the
rating sought; and
(2) A device that prevents the applicant from having visual reference outside the aircraft, but does not prevent
the examiner from having visual reference outside the aircraft, and is otherwise acceptable to the Administrator.
(e) Aircraft with single controls. A
practical test may be conducted in an

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