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14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–19 Edition)
§ 61.87
§ 61.87
Solo requirements for student
pilots.
(a)
General.
A student pilot may not
operate an aircraft in solo flight unless
that student has met the requirements
of this section. The term ‘‘solo flight’’
as used in this subpart means that
flight time during which a student
pilot is the sole occupant of the air-
craft or that flight time during which
the student performs the duties of a
pilot in command of a gas balloon or an
airship requiring more than one pilot
flight crewmember.
(b)
Aeronautical knowledge.
A student
pilot must demonstrate satisfactory
aeronautical knowledge on a knowl-
edge test that meets the requirements
of this paragraph:
(1) The test must address the student
pilot’s knowledge of—
(i) Applicable sections of parts 61 and
91 of this chapter;
(ii) Airspace rules and procedures for
the airport where the solo flight will be
performed; and
(iii) Flight characteristics and oper-
ational limitations for the make and
model of aircraft to be flown.
(2) The student’s authorized instruc-
tor must—
(i) Administer the test; and
(ii) At the conclusion of the test, re-
view all incorrect answers with the
student before authorizing that stu-
dent to conduct a solo flight.
(c)
Pre-solo flight training.
Prior to
conducting a solo flight, a student
pilot must have:
(1) Received and logged flight train-
ing for the maneuvers and procedures
of this section that are appropriate to
the make and model of aircraft to be
flown; and
(2) Demonstrated satisfactory pro-
ficiency and safety, as judged by an au-
thorized instructor, on the maneuvers
and procedures required by this section
in the make and model of aircraft or
similar make and model of aircraft to
be flown.
(d)
Maneuvers and procedures for pre-
solo flight training in a single-engine air-
plane.
A student pilot who is receiving
training for a single-engine airplane
rating or privileges must receive and
log flight training for the following
maneuvers and procedures:
(1) Proper flight preparation proce-
dures, including preflight planning and
preparation, powerplant operation, and
aircraft systems;
(2) Taxiing or surface operations, in-
cluding runups;
(3) Takeoffs and landings, including
normal and crosswind;
(4) Straight and level flight, and
turns in both directions;
(5) Climbs and climbing turns;
(6) Airport traffic patterns, including
entry and departure procedures;
(7) Collision avoidance, windshear
avoidance, and wake turbulence avoid-
ance;
(8) Descents, with and without turns,
using high and low drag configurations;
(9) Flight at various airspeeds from
cruise to slow flight;
(10) Stall entries from various flight
attitudes and power combinations with
recovery initiated at the first indica-
tion of a stall, and recovery from a full
stall;
(11) Emergency procedures and equip-
ment malfunctions;
(12) Ground reference maneuvers;
(13) Approaches to a landing area
with simulated engine malfunctions;
(14) Slips to a landing; and
(15) Go-arounds.
(e)
Maneuvers and procedures for pre-
solo flight training in a multiengine air-
plane.
A student pilot who is receiving
training for a multiengine airplane rat-
ing must receive and log flight training
for the following maneuvers and proce-
dures:
(1) Proper flight preparation proce-
dures, including preflight planning and
preparation, powerplant operation, and
aircraft systems;
(2) Taxiing or surface operations, in-
cluding runups;
(3) Takeoffs and landings, including
normal and crosswind;
(4) Straight and level flight, and
turns in both directions;
(5) Climbs and climbing turns;
(6) Airport traffic patterns, including
entry and departure procedures;
(7) Collision avoidance, windshear
avoidance, and wake turbulence avoid-
ance;
(8) Descents, with and without turns,
using high and low drag configurations;
(9) Flight at various airspeeds from
cruise to slow flight;
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