567 

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT 

§ 61.87 

flight training for the following ma-
neuvers and procedures: 

(1) Proper flight preparation proce-

dures, including preflight planning and 
preparation, preflight assembly and 
rigging, aircraft systems, and power-
plant operations. 

(2) Taxiing or surface operations, in-

cluding run-ups. 

(3) Takeoffs and landings, including 

normal and crosswind. 

(4) Straight and level flight, and 

turns in both directions. 

(5) Climbs, and climbing turns in 

both directions. 

(6) Airport traffic patterns, including 

entry and departure procedures. 

(7) Collision avoidance, windshear 

avoidance, and wake turbulence avoid-
ance. 

(8) Descents, and descending turns in 

both directions. 

(9) Emergency procedures and equip-

ment malfunctions. 

(10) Ground reference maneuvers. 
(11) Straight glides, and gliding turns 

in both directions. 

(12) Go-arounds. 
(13) Approaches to landing areas with 

a simulated engine malfunction. 

(14) Procedures for canopy packing 

and aircraft disassembly. 

(m) 

Maneuvers and procedures for pre- 

solo flight training in a weight-shift-con-
trol aircraft. 

A student pilot who is re-

ceiving training for a weight-shift-con-
trol aircraft rating or privileges must 
receive and log flight training for the 
following maneuvers and procedures: 

(1) Proper flight preparation proce-

dures, including preflight planning and 
preparation, preflight assembly and 
rigging, aircraft systems, and power-
plant operations. 

(2) Taxiing or surface operations, in-

cluding run-ups. 

(3) Takeoffs and landings, including 

normal and crosswind. 

(4) Straight and level flight, and 

turns in both directions. 

(5) Climbs, and climbing turns in 

both directions. 

(6) Airport traffic patterns, including 

entry and departure procedures. 

(7) Collision avoidance, windshear 

avoidance, and wake turbulence avoid-
ance. 

(8) Descents, and descending turns in 

both directions. 

(9) Flight at various airspeeds from 

maximum cruise to slow flight. 

(10) Emergency procedures and equip-

ment malfunctions. 

(11) Ground reference maneuvers. 
(12) Stall entry, stall, and stall recov-

ery. 

(13) Straight glides, and gliding turns 

in both directions. 

(14) Go-arounds. 
(15) Approaches to landing areas with 

a simulated engine malfunction. 

(16) Procedures for disassembly. 
(n) 

Limitations on student pilots oper-

ating an aircraft in solo flight. 

A student 

pilot may not operate an aircraft in 
solo flight unless that student pilot has 
received an endorsement in the stu-
dent’s logbook for the specific make 
and model aircraft to be flown by an 
authorized instructor who gave the 
training within the 90 days preceding 
the date of the flight. 

(o) 

Limitations on student pilots oper-

ating an aircraft in solo flight at night. 

A 

student pilot may not operate an air-
craft in solo flight at night unless that 
student pilot has received: 

(1) Flight training at night on night 

flying procedures that includes take-
offs, approaches, landings, and go- 
arounds at night at the airport where 
the solo flight will be conducted; 

(2) Navigation training at night in 

the vicinity of the airport where the 
solo flight will be conducted; and 

(3) An endorsement in the student’s 

logbook for the specific make and 
model aircraft to be flown for night 
solo flight by an authorized instructor 
who gave the training within the 90- 
day period preceding the date of the 
flight. 

(p) 

Limitations on flight instructors au-

thorizing solo flight. 

No instructor may 

authorize a student pilot to perform a 
solo flight unless that instructor has— 

(1) Given that student pilot training 

in the make and model of aircraft or a 
similar make and model of aircraft in 
which the solo flight is to be flown; 

(2) Determined the student pilot is 

proficient in the maneuvers and proce-
dures prescribed in this section; 

(3) Determined the student pilot is 

proficient in the make and model of 
aircraft to be flown; and 

(4) Endorsed the student pilot’s log-

book for the specific make and model 

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