589 

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT 

§ 61.127 

to the aircraft category and class rat-
ing sought before applying for the prac-
tical test; 

(g) Pass the required practical test 

on the areas of operation listed in 
§ 61.127(b) of this part that apply to the 
aircraft category and class rating 
sought; 

(h) Hold at least a private pilot cer-

tificate issued under this part or meet 
the requirements of § 61.73; and 

(i) Comply with the sections of this 

part that apply to the aircraft category 
and class rating sought. 

§ 61.125

Aeronautical knowledge. 

(a) 

General. 

A person who applies for 

a commercial pilot certificate must re-
ceive and log ground training from an 
authorized instructor, or complete a 
home-study course, on the aeronautical 
knowledge areas of paragraph (b) of 
this section that apply to the aircraft 
category and class rating sought. 

(b) 

Aeronautical knowledge areas. 

(1) 

Applicable Federal Aviation Regula-
tions of this chapter that relate to 
commercial pilot privileges, limita-
tions, and flight operations; 

(2) Accident reporting requirements 

of the National Transportation Safety 
Board; 

(3) Basic aerodynamics and the prin-

ciples of flight; 

(4) Meteorology to include recogni-

tion of critical weather situations, 
windshear recognition and avoidance, 
and the use of aeronautical weather re-
ports and forecasts; 

(5) Safe and efficient operation of air-

craft; 

(6) Weight and balance computations; 
(7) Use of performance charts; 
(8) Significance and effects of exceed-

ing aircraft performance limitations; 

(9) Use of aeronautical charts and a 

magnetic compass for pilotage and 
dead reckoning; 

(10) Use of air navigation facilities; 
(11) Aeronautical decision making 

and judgment; 

(12) Principles and functions of air-

craft systems; 

(13) Maneuvers, procedures, and 

emergency operations appropriate to 
the aircraft; 

(14) Night and high-altitude oper-

ations; 

(15) Procedures for operating within 

the National Airspace System; and 

(16) Procedures for flight and ground 

training for lighter-than-air ratings. 

§ 61.127

Flight proficiency. 

(a) 

General. 

A person who applies for 

a commercial pilot certificate must re-
ceive and log ground and flight train-
ing from an authorized instructor on 
the areas of operation of this section 
that apply to the aircraft category and 
class rating sought. 

(b) 

Areas of operation. 

(1) For an air-

plane category rating with a single-en-
gine class rating: 

(i) Preflight preparation; 
(ii) Preflight procedures; 
(iii) Airport and seaplane base oper-

ations; 

(iv) Takeoffs, landings, and go- 

arounds; 

(v) Performance maneuvers; 
(vi) Ground reference maneuvers; 
(vii) Navigation; 
(viii) Slow flight and stalls; 
(ix) Emergency operations; 
(x) High-altitude operations; and 
(xi) Postflight procedures. 
(2) For an airplane category rating 

with a multiengine class rating: 

(i) Preflight preparation; 
(ii) Preflight procedures; 
(iii) Airport and seaplane base oper-

ations; 

(iv) Takeoffs, landings, and go- 

arounds; 

(v) Performance maneuvers; 
(vi) Navigation; 
(vii) Slow flight and stalls; 
(viii) Emergency operations; 
(ix) Multiengine operations; 
(x) High-altitude operations; and 
(xi) Postflight procedures. 
(3) For a rotorcraft category rating 

with a helicopter class rating: 

(i) Preflight preparation; 
(ii) Preflight procedures; 
(iii) Airport and heliport operations; 
(iv) Hovering maneuvers; 
(v) Takeoffs, landings, and go- 

arounds; 

(vi) Performance maneuvers; 
(vii) Navigation; 
(viii) Emergency operations; 
(ix) Special operations; and 
(x) Postflight procedures. 
(4) For a rotorcraft category rating 

with a gyroplane class rating: 

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