Section 91.111

14 CFR Ch. I (1-1-19 Edition)

(ii) The person manipulating the controls has at least a private pilot certificate with appropriate category and
class ratings.
(d) No person may operate a civil aircraft that is being used for a flight test
for an airline transport pilot certificate or a class or type rating on that
certificate, or for a part 121 proficiency
flight test, unless the pilot seated at
the controls, other than the pilot being
checked, is fully qualified to act as
pilot in command of the aircraft.
[Doc. No. 18334, 54 FR 34294, Aug. 18, 1989, as
amended by Amdt. 91-324, 76 FR 54107, Aug.
31, 2011; Amdt. 61-142, 83 FR 30281, June 27,
2018]

Section 91.111

Operating near other aircraft.

(a) No person may operate an aircraft
so close to another aircraft as to create
a collision hazard.
(b) No person may operate an aircraft
in formation flight except by arrangement with the pilot in command of
each aircraft in the formation.
(c) No person may operate an aircraft, carrying passengers for hire, in
formation flight.

kpayne on VMOFRWIN702 with $$_JOB

Section 91.113 Right-of-way
water operations.

rules:

Except

(a) Inapplicability. This section does
not apply to the operation of an aircraft on water.
(b) General. When weather conditions
permit, regardless of whether an operation is conducted under instrument
flight rules or visual flight rules, vigilance shall be maintained by each person operating an aircraft so as to see
and avoid other aircraft. When a rule of
this section gives another aircraft the
right-of-way, the pilot shall give way
to that aircraft and may not pass over,
under, or ahead of it unless well clear.
(c) In distress. An aircraft in distress
has the right-of-way over all other air
traffic.
(d) Converging. When aircraft of the
same category are converging at approximately the same altitude (except
head-on, or nearly so), the aircraft to
the other-s right has the right-of-way.
If the aircraft are of different categories - 
(1) A balloon has the right-of-way
over any other category of aircraft;

(2) A glider has the right-of-way over
an airship, powered parachute, weightshift-control aircraft, airplane, or
rotorcraft.
(3) An airship has the right-of-way
over a powered parachute, weight-shiftcontrol aircraft, airplane, or rotorcraft.
However, an aircraft towing or refueling other aircraft has the right-ofway over all other engine-driven aircraft.
(e) Approaching head-on. When aircraft are approaching each other headon, or nearly so, each pilot of each aircraft shall alter course to the right.
(f) Overtaking. Each aircraft that is
being overtaken has the right-of-way
and each pilot of an overtaking aircraft
shall alter course to the right to pass
well clear.
(g) Landing. Aircraft, while on final
approach to land or while landing, have
the right-of-way over other aircraft in
flight or operating on the surface, except that they shall not take advantage of this rule to force an aircraft off
the runway surface which has already
landed and is attempting to make way
for an aircraft on final approach. When
two or more aircraft are approaching
an airport for the purpose of landing,
the aircraft at the lower altitude has
the right-of-way, but it shall not take
advantage of this rule to cut in front of
another which is on final approach to
land or to overtake that aircraft.
[Doc. No. 18334, 54 FR 34294, Aug. 18, 1989, as
amended by Amdt. 91-282, 69 FR 44880, July
27, 2004]

Section 91.115 Right-of-way rules: Water operations.
(a) General. Each person operating an
aircraft on the water shall, insofar as
possible, keep clear of all vessels and
avoid impeding their navigation, and
shall give way to any vessel or other
aircraft that is given the right-of-way
by any rule of this section.
(b) Crossing. When aircraft, or an aircraft and a vessel, are on crossing
courses, the aircraft or vessel to the
other-s right has the right-of-way.
(c) Approaching head-on. When aircraft, or an aircraft and a vessel, are
approaching head-on, or nearly so, each
shall alter its course to the right to
keep well clear.

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