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Federal Aviation Administration, DOT

Section 91.131

Class C airspace must be conducted in
compliance with this section and
Section 91.129. For the purpose of this section,
the primary airport is the airport for
which the Class C airspace area is designated. A satellite airport is any other
airport within the Class C airspace
area.
(b) Traffic patterns. No person may
take off or land an aircraft at a satellite airport within a Class C airspace
area except in compliance with FAA
arrival and departure traffic patterns.
(c) Communications. Each person operating an aircraft in Class C airspace
must meet the following two-way radio
communications requirements:
(1) Arrival or through flight. Each person must establish two-way radio communications with the ATC facility (including foreign ATC in the case of foreign airspace designated in the United
States) providing air traffic services
prior to entering that airspace and
thereafter maintain those communications while within that airspace.
(2) Departing flight. Each person - 
(i) From the primary airport or satellite airport with an operating control
tower must establish and maintain
two-way radio communications with
the control tower, and thereafter as instructed by ATC while operating in the
Class C airspace area; or
(ii) From a satellite airport without
an operating control tower, must establish and maintain two-way radio
communications with the ATC facility
having jurisdiction over the Class C
airspace area as soon as practicable
after departing.
(d) Equipment requirements. Unless
otherwise authorized by the ATC having jurisdiction over the Class C airspace area, no person may operate an
aircraft within a Class C airspace area
designated for an airport unless that
aircraft is equipped with the applicable
equipment specified in Section 91.215, and
after January 1, 2020, Section 91.225.
(e) Deviations. An operator may deviate from any provision of this section
under the provisions of an ATC authorization issued by the ATC facility having jurisdiction over the airspace concerned. ATC may authorize a deviation

on a continuing basis or for an individual flight, as appropriate.
[Doc. No. 24458, 56 FR 65659, Dec. 17, 1991, as
amended by Amdt. 91-232, 58 FR 40736, July
30, 1993; Amdt. 91-239, 59 FR 11693, Mar. 11,
1994; Amdt. 91-314, 75 FR 30193, May 28, 2010]

Section 91.131 Operations in Class B airspace.
(a) Operating rules. No person may operate an aircraft within a Class B airspace area except in compliance with
Section 91.129 and the following rules:
(1) The operator must receive an ATC
clearance from the ATC facility having
jurisdiction for that area before operating an aircraft in that area.
(2) Unless otherwise authorized by
ATC, each person operating a large turbine engine-powered airplane to or
from a primary airport for which a
Class B airspace area is designated
must operate at or above the designated floors of the Class B airspace
area while within the lateral limits of
that area.
(3) Any person conducting pilot
training operations at an airport within a Class B airspace area must comply
with any procedures established by
ATC for such operations in that area.
(b) Pilot requirements. (1) No person
may take off or land a civil aircraft at
an airport within a Class B airspace
area or operate a civil aircraft within a
Class B airspace area unless - 
(i) The pilot in command holds at
least a private pilot certificate;
(ii) The pilot in command holds a
recreational pilot certificate and has
met - 
(A) The requirements of Section 61.101(d) of
this chapter; or
(B) The requirements for a student
pilot seeking a recreational pilot certificate in Section 61.94 of this chapter;
(iii) The pilot in command holds a
sport pilot certificate and has met - 
(A) The requirements of Section 61.325 of
this chapter; or
(B) The requirements for a student
pilot seeking a recreational pilot certificate in Section 61.94 of this chapter; or
(iv) The aircraft is operated by a student pilot who has met the requirements of Section 61.94 or Section 61.95 of this chapter,
as applicable.
(2) Notwithstanding the provisions of
paragraphs (b)(1)(ii), (b)(1)(iii) and

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