Federal Aviation Administration, DOT
Airspace

Section 91.157
Section 91.157 Special
mums.

Flight visibility

Distance from
clouds

.............................

1 statute mile horizontal.

kpayne on VMOFRWIN702 with $$_JOB

(b) Class G Airspace. Notwithstanding
the provisions of paragraph (a) of this
section, the following operations may
be conducted in Class G airspace below
1,200 feet above the surface:
(1) Helicopter. A helicopter may be operated clear of clouds in an airport
traffic pattern within 1-2 mile of the
runway or helipad of intended landing
if the flight visibility is not less than
1-2 statute mile.
(2) Airplane, powered parachute, or
weight-shift-control aircraft. If the visibility is less than 3 statute miles but
not less than 1 statute mile during
night hours and you are operating in
an airport traffic pattern within 1-2
mile of the runway, you may operate
an airplane, powered parachute, or
weight-shift-control aircraft clear of
clouds.
(c) Except as provided in Section 91.157, no
person may operate an aircraft beneath
the ceiling under VFR within the lateral boundaries of controlled airspace
designated to the surface for an airport
when the ceiling is less than 1,000 feet.
(d) Except as provided in Section 91.157 of
this part, no person may take off or
land an aircraft, or enter the traffic
pattern of an airport, under VFR, within the lateral boundaries of the surface
areas of Class B, Class C, Class D, or
Class E airspace designated for an airport - 
(1) Unless ground visibility at that
airport is at least 3 statute miles; or
(2) If ground visibility is not reported
at that airport, unless flight visibility
during landing or takeoff, or while operating in the traffic pattern is at least
3 statute miles.
(e) For the purpose of this section, an
aircraft operating at the base altitude
of a Class E airspace area is considered
to be within the airspace directly
below that area.
[Doc. No. 24458, 56 FR 65660, Dec. 17, 1991, as
amended by Amdt. 91-235, 58 FR 51968, Oct. 5,
1993; Amdt. 91-282, 69 FR 44880, July 27, 2004;
Amdt. 91-330, 79 FR 9972, Feb. 21, 2014; Amdt.
91-330A, 79 FR 41125, July 15, 2014]

VFR

weather

(a) Except as provided in appendix D,
section 3, of this part, special VFR operations may be conducted under the
weather minimums and requirements
of this section, instead of those contained in Section 91.155, below 10,000 feet MSL
within the airspace contained by the
upward extension of the lateral boundaries of the controlled airspace designated to the surface for an airport.
(b) Special VFR operations may only
be conducted - 
(1) With an ATC clearance;
(2) Clear of clouds;
(3) Except for helicopters, when flight
visibility is at least 1 statute mile; and
(4) Except for helicopters, between
sunrise and sunset (or in Alaska, when
the sun is 6 degrees or more below the
horizon) unless - 
(i) The person being granted the ATC
clearance meets the applicable requirements for instrument flight under part
61 of this chapter; and
(ii) The aircraft is equipped as required in Section 91.205(d).
(c) No person may take off or land an
aircraft (other than a helicopter) under
special VFR - 
(1) Unless ground visibility is at least
1 statute mile; or
(2) If ground visibility is not reported, unless flight visibility is at
least 1 statute mile. For the purposes
of this paragraph, the term flight visibility includes the visibility from the
cockpit of an aircraft in takeoff position if:
(i) The flight is conducted under this
part 91; and
(ii) The airport at which the aircraft
is located is a satellite airport that
does not have weather reporting capabilities.
(d) The determination of visibility by
a pilot in accordance with paragraph
(c)(2) of this section is not an official
weather report or an official ground
visibility report.
[Amdt. 91-235, 58 FR 51968, Oct. 5, 1993, as
amended by Amdt. 91-247, 60 FR 66874, Dec.
27, 1995; Amdt. 91-262, 65 FR 16116, Mar. 24,
2000]

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