kpayne on VMOFRWIN702 with $$_JOB

Section 91.173

14 CFR Ch. I (1-1-19 Edition)

of radio navigation unless the VOR
equipment of that aircraft - 
(1) Is maintained, checked, and inspected under an approved procedure;
or
(2) Has been operationally checked
within the preceding 30 days, and was
found to be within the limits of the
permissible indicated bearing error set
forth in paragraph (b) or (c) of this section.
(b) Except as provided in paragraph
(c) of this section, each person conducting a VOR check under paragraph
(a)(2) of this section shall - 
(1) Use, at the airport of intended departure, an FAA-operated or approved
test signal or a test signal radiated by
a certificated and appropriately rated
radio repair station or, outside the
United States, a test signal operated or
approved by an appropriate authority
to check the VOR equipment (the maximum permissible indicated bearing
error is plus or minus 4 degrees); or
(2) Use, at the airport of intended departure, a point on the airport surface
designated as a VOR system checkpoint by the Administrator, or, outside
the United States, by an appropriate
authority (the maximum permissible
bearing error is plus or minus 4 degrees);
(3) If neither a test signal nor a designated checkpoint on the surface is
available, use an airborne checkpoint
designated by the Administrator or,
outside the United States, by an appropriate authority (the maximum permissible bearing error is plus or minus
6 degrees); or
(4) If no check signal or point is
available, while in flight - 
(i) Select a VOR radial that lies
along the centerline of an established
VOR airway;
(ii) Select a prominent ground point
along the selected radial preferably
more than 20 nautical miles from the
VOR ground facility and maneuver the
aircraft directly over the point at a
reasonably low altitude; and
(iii) Note the VOR bearing indicated
by the receiver when over the ground
point (the maximum permissible variation between the published radial and
the indicated bearing is 6 degrees).
(c) If dual system VOR (units independent of each other except for the

antenna) is installed in the aircraft,
the person checking the equipment
may check one system against the
other in place of the check procedures
specified in paragraph (b) of this section. Both systems shall be tuned to
the same VOR ground facility and note
the indicated bearings to that station.
The maximum permissible variation
between the two indicated bearings is 4
degrees.
(d) Each person making the VOR
operational check, as specified in paragraph (b) or (c) of this section, shall
enter the date, place, bearing error,
and sign the aircraft log or other
record. In addition, if a test signal radiated by a repair station, as specified
in paragraph (b)(1) of this section, is
used, an entry must be made in the aircraft log or other record by the repair
station certificate holder or the certificate holder-s representative certifying
to the bearing transmitted by the repair station for the check and the date
of transmission.
(Approved by the Office of Management and
Budget under control number 2120-0005)

Section 91.173 ATC clearance and flight plan
required.
No person may operate an aircraft in
controlled airspace under IFR unless
that person has - 
(a) Filed an IFR flight plan; and
(b) Received an appropriate ATC
clearance.
Section 91.175 Takeoff
IFR.

and

landing

(a) Instrument approaches to civil airports. Unless otherwise authorized by
the FAA, when it is necessary to use an
instrument approach to a civil airport,
each person operating an aircraft must
use a standard instrument approach
procedure prescribed in part 97 of this
chapter for that airport. This paragraph does not apply to United States
military aircraft.
(b) Authorized DA/DH or MDA. For the
purpose of this section, when the approach procedure being used provides
for and requires the use of a DA/DH or
MDA, the authorized DA/DH or MDA is
the highest of the following:
(1) The DA/DH or MDA prescribed by
the approach procedure.

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