Federal Aviation Administration, DOT

Section 91.176

RNAV system in conjunction with a fix
identified in the standard instrument
approach procedure. Applicability of,
and substitution for, the inner marker
for a Category II or III approach is determined by the appropriate 14 CFR
part 97 approach procedure, letter of
authorization, or operations specifications issued to an operator.

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[Doc. No. 18334, 54 FR 34294, Aug. 18, 1989, as
amended by Amdt. 91-267, 66 FR 21066, Apr.
27, 2001; Amdt. 91-281, 69 FR 1640, Jan. 9, 2004;
Amdt. 91-296, 72 FR 31678, June 7, 2007; Amdt.
91-306, 74 FR 20205, May 1, 2009; Docket FAA-
2013-0485, Amdt. 91-345, 81 FR 90172, Dec. 13,
2016; Amdt. 91-345B, 83 FR 10568, Mar. 12, 2018]

Section 91.176 Straight-in landing operations
below DA/DH or MDA using an enhanced flight vision system (EFVS)
under IFR.
(a) EFVS operations to touchdown and
rollout. Unless otherwise authorized by
the Administrator to use an MDA as a
DA/DH with vertical navigation on an
instrument approach procedure, or unless paragraph (d) of this section applies, no person may conduct an EFVS
operation in an aircraft, except a military aircraft of the United States, at
any airport below the authorized DA/
DH to touchdown and rollout unless
the minimums used for the particular
approach procedure being flown include
a DA or DH, and the following requirements are met:
(1) Equipment. (i) The aircraft must
be equipped with an operable EFVS
that meets the applicable airworthiness requirements. The EFVS must:
(A) Have an electronic means to provide a display of the forward external
scene topography (the applicable natural or manmade features of a place or
region especially in a way to show
their relative positions and elevation)
through the use of imaging sensors, including but not limited to forwardlooking infrared, millimeter wave
radiometry, millimeter wave radar, or
low-light level image intensification.
(B) Present EFVS sensor imagery,
aircraft flight information, and flight
symbology on a head up display, or an
equivalent display, so that the imagery, information and symbology are
clearly visible to the pilot flying in his
or her normal position with the line of
vision looking forward along the flight
path. Aircraft flight information and

flight symbology must consist of at
least airspeed, vertical speed, aircraft
attitude, heading, altitude, height
above ground level such as that provided by a radio altimeter or other device capable of providing equivalent
performance, command guidance as appropriate for the approach to be flown,
path deviation indications, flight path
vector, and flight path angle reference
cue. Additionally, for aircraft other
than rotorcraft, the EFVS must display flare prompt or flare guidance.
(C) Present the displayed EFVS sensor imagery, attitude symbology, flight
path vector, and flight path angle reference cue, and other cues, which are
referenced to the EFVS sensor imagery
and external scene topography, so that
they are aligned with, and scaled to,
the external view.
(D) Display the flight path angle reference cue with a pitch scale. The
flight path angle reference cue must be
selectable by the pilot to the desired
descent angle for the approach and be
sufficient to monitor the vertical flight
path of the aircraft.
(E) Display the EFVS sensor imagery, aircraft flight information, and
flight symbology such that they do not
adversely obscure the pilot-s outside
view or field of view through the cockpit window.
(F) Have display characteristics, dynamics, and cues that are suitable for
manual control of the aircraft to
touchdown in the touchdown zone of
the runway of intended landing and
during rollout.
(ii) When a minimum flightcrew of
more than one pilot is required, the
aircraft must be equipped with a display that provides the pilot monitoring
with EFVS sensor imagery. Any symbology displayed may not adversely obscure the sensor imagery of the runway
environment.
(2) Operations. (i) The pilot conducting the EFVS operation may not
use circling minimums.
(ii) Each required pilot flightcrew
member must have adequate knowledge of, and familiarity with, the aircraft, the EFVS, and the procedures to
be used.
(iii) The aircraft must be equipped
with, and the pilot flying must use, an

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