Section 91.181

14 CFR Ch. I (1-1-19 Edition)

(2) The operator is authorized by the
Administrator or the country of registry to conduct such operations.
(b) The Administrator may authorize
a deviation from the requirements of
this section.
[Amdt. 91-276, 68 FR 70133, Dec. 17, 2003]

Section 91.181

Course to be flown.

Unless otherwise authorized by ATC,
no person may operate an aircraft
within controlled airspace under IFR
except as follows:
(a) On an ATS route, along the centerline of that airway.
(b) On any other route, along the direct course between the navigational
aids or fixes defining that route. However, this section does not prohibit maneuvering the aircraft to pass well
clear of other air traffic or the maneuvering of the aircraft in VFR conditions to clear the intended flight path
both before and during climb or descent.
[Doc. No. 18334, 54 FR 34294, Aug. 18, 1989, as
amended by Amdt. 91-296, 72 FR 31679, June
7, 2007]

Section 91.183

IFR communications.

Unless otherwise authorized by ATC,
the pilot in command of each aircraft
operated under IFR in controlled airspace must ensure that a continuous
watch is maintained on the appropriate
frequency and must report the following as soon as possible - 
(a) The time and altitude of passing
each designated reporting point, or the
reporting points specified by ATC, except that while the aircraft is under
radar control, only the passing of those
reporting points specifically requested
by ATC need be reported;
(b) Any unforecast weather conditions encountered; and
(c) Any other information relating to
the safety of flight.
[Doc. No. 18334, 54 FR 34294, Aug. 18, 1989, as
amended by Amdt. 91-296, 72 FR 31679, June
7, 2007]

kpayne on VMOFRWIN702 with $$_JOB

Section 91.185 IFR
operations:
Two-way
radio communications failure.
(a) General. Unless otherwise authorized by ATC, each pilot who has twoway radio communications failure

when operating under IFR shall comply
with the rules of this section.
(b) VFR conditions. If the failure occurs in VFR conditions, or if VFR conditions are encountered after the failure, each pilot shall continue the flight
under VFR and land as soon as practicable.
(c) IFR conditions. If the failure occurs in IFR conditions, or if paragraph
(b) of this section cannot be complied
with, each pilot shall continue the
flight according to the following:
(1) Route. (i) By the route assigned in
the last ATC clearance received;
(ii) If being radar vectored, by the direct route from the point of radio failure to the fix, route, or airway specified in the vector clearance;
(iii) In the absence of an assigned
route, by the route that ATC has advised may be expected in a further
clearance; or
(iv) In the absence of an assigned
route or a route that ATC has advised
may be expected in a further clearance,
by the route filed in the flight plan.
(2) Altitude. At the highest of the following altitudes or flight levels for the
route segment being flown:
(i) The altitude or flight level assigned in the last ATC clearance received;
(ii) The minimum altitude (converted, if appropriate, to minimum
flight level as prescribed in Section 91.121(c))
for IFR operations; or
(iii) The altitude or flight level ATC
has advised may be expected in a further clearance.
(3) Leave clearance limit. (i) When the
clearance limit is a fix from which an
approach begins, commence descent or
descent and approach as close as possible to the expect-further-clearance
time if one has been received, or if one
has not been received, as close as possible to the estimated time of arrival
as calculated from the filed or amended
(with ATC) estimated time en route.
(ii) If the clearance limit is not a fix
from which an approach begins, leave
the clearance limit at the expect-further-clearance time if one has been received, or if none has been received,
upon arrival over the clearance limit,
and proceed to a fix from which an approach begins and commence descent
or descent and approach as close as

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