Federal Aviation Administration, DOT

Section 91.189

possible to the estimated time of arrival as calculated from the filed or
amended (with ATC) estimated time en
route.
[Doc. No. 18334, 54 FR 34294, Aug. 18, 1989;
Amdt. 91-211, 54 FR 41211, Oct. 5, 1989]

kpayne on VMOFRWIN702 with $$_JOB

Section 91.187 Operation under IFR in controlled airspace: Malfunction reports.
(a) The pilot in command of each aircraft operated in controlled airspace
under IFR shall report as soon as practical to ATC any malfunctions of navigational, approach, or communication
equipment occurring in flight.
(b) In each report required by paragraph (a) of this section, the pilot in
command shall include the - 
(1) Aircraft identification;
(2) Equipment affected;
(3) Degree to which the capability of
the pilot to operate under IFR in the
ATC system is impaired; and
(4) Nature and extent of assistance
desired from ATC.
Section 91.189 Category II and III operations:
General operating rules.
(a) No person may operate a civil aircraft in a Category II or III operation
unless - 
(1) The flight crew of the aircraft
consists of a pilot in command and a
second in command who hold the appropriate authorizations and ratings
prescribed in Section 61.3 of this chapter;
(2) Each flight crewmember has adequate knowledge of, and familiarity
with, the aircraft and the procedures to
be used; and
(3) The instrument panel in front of
the pilot who is controlling the aircraft
has appropriate instrumentation for
the type of flight control guidance system that is being used.
(b) Unless otherwise authorized by
the Administrator, no person may operate a civil aircraft in a Category II or
Category III operation unless each
ground component required for that operation and the related airborne equipment is installed and operating.
(c) Authorized DA/DH. For the purpose of this section, when the approach
procedure being used provides for and
requires the use of a DA/DH, the authorized DA/DH is the highest of the
following:

(1) The DA/DH prescribed by the approach procedure.
(2) The DA/DH prescribed for the
pilot in command.
(3) The DA/DH for which the aircraft
is equipped.
(d) Except as provided in Section 91.176 of
this part or unless otherwise authorized by the Administrator, no pilot operating an aircraft in a Category II or
Category III approach that provides
and requires the use of a DA/DH may
continue the approach below the authorized decision height unless the following conditions are met:
(1) The aircraft is in a position from
which a descent to a landing on the intended runway can be made at a normal rate of descent using normal maneuvers, and where that descent rate
will allow touchdown to occur within
the touchdown zone of the runway of
intended landing.
(2) At least one of the following visual references for the intended runway
is distinctly visible and identifiable to
the pilot:
(i) The approach light system, except
that the pilot may not descend below
100 feet above the touchdown zone elevation using the approach lights as a
reference unless the red terminating
bars or the red side row bars are also
distinctly visible and identifiable.
(ii) The threshold.
(iii) The threshold markings.
(iv) The threshold lights.
(v) The touchdown zone or touchdown zone markings.
(vi) The touchdown zone lights.
(e) Except as provided in Section 91.176 of
this part or unless otherwise authorized by the Administrator, each pilot
operating an aircraft shall immediately execute an appropriate missed
approach whenever, prior to touchdown, the requirements of paragraph
(d) of this section are not met.
(f) No person operating an aircraft
using a Category III approach without
decision height may land that aircraft
except in accordance with the provisions of the letter of authorization
issued by the Administrator.
(g) Paragraphs (a) through (f) of this
section do not apply to operations conducted by certificate holders operating
under part 121, 125, 129, or 135 of this
chapter, or holders of management

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