753 

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT 

§ 91.225 

requirements for Class B equipment in 
Technical Standard Order (TSO)–C151. 

(Approved by the Office of Management and 
Budget under control number 2120–0631) 

(c) 

Airplane Flight Manual. 

The Air-

plane Flight Manual shall contain ap-
propriate procedures for— 

(1) The use of the terrain awareness 

and warning system; and 

(2) Proper flight crew reaction in re-

sponse to the terrain awareness and 
warning system audio and visual warn-
ings. 

(d) 

Exceptions. 

Paragraphs (a) and (b) 

of this section do not apply to— 

(1) Parachuting operations when con-

ducted entirely within a 50 nautical 
mile radius of the airport from which 
such local flight operations began. 

(2) Firefighting operations. 
(3) Flight operations when incident 

to the aerial application of chemicals 
and other substances. 

[Doc. No. 29312, 65 FR 16755, Mar. 29, 2000] 

§ 91.225

Automatic Dependent Surveil-

lance-Broadcast (ADS–B) Out equip-
ment and use. 

(a) After January 1, 2020, and unless 

otherwise authorized by ATC, no per-
son may operate an aircraft in Class A 
airspace unless the aircraft has equip-
ment installed that— 

(1) Meets the performance require-

ments in TSO–C166b, Extended Squitter 
Automatic Dependent Surveillance- 
Broadcast (ADS–B) and Traffic Infor-
mation Service-Broadcast (TIS–B) 
Equipment Operating on the Radio 
Frequency of 1090 Megahertz (MHz); 
and 

(2) Meets the requirements of § 91.227. 
(b) After January 1, 2020, and unless 

otherwise authorized by ATC, no per-
son may operate an aircraft below 
18,000 feet MSL and in airspace de-
scribed in paragraph (d) of this section 
unless the aircraft has equipment in-
stalled that— 

(1) Meets the performance require-

ments in— 

(i) TSO–C166b; or 
(ii) TSO–C154c, Universal Access 

Transceiver (UAT) Automatic Depend-
ent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS–B) 
Equipment Operating on the Frequency 
of 978 MHz; 

(2) Meets the requirements of § 91.227. 

(c) Operators with equipment in-

stalled with an approved deviation 
under § 21.618 of this chapter also are in 
compliance with this section. 

(d) After January 1, 2020, and unless 

otherwise authorized by ATC, no per-
son may operate an aircraft in the fol-
lowing airspace unless the aircraft has 
equipment installed that meets the re-
quirements in paragraph (b) of this sec-
tion: 

(1) Class B and Class C airspace areas; 
(2) Except as provided for in para-

graph (e) of this section, within 30 nau-
tical miles of an airport listed in ap-
pendix D, section 1 to this part from 
the surface upward to 10,000 feet MSL; 

(3) Above the ceiling and within the 

lateral boundaries of a Class B or Class 
C airspace area designated for an air-
port upward to 10,000 feet MSL; 

(4) Except as provided in paragraph 

(e) of this section, Class E airspace 
within the 48 contiguous states and the 
District of Columbia at and above 
10,000 feet MSL, excluding the airspace 
at and below 2,500 feet above the sur-
face; and 

(5) Class E airspace at and above 3,000 

feet MSL over the Gulf of Mexico from 
the coastline of the United States out 
to 12 nautical miles. 

(e) The requirements of paragraph (b) 

of this section do not apply to any air-
craft that was not originally certifi-
cated with an electrical system, or 
that has not subsequently been cer-
tified with such a system installed, in-
cluding balloons and gliders. These air-
craft may conduct operations without 
ADS–B Out in the airspace specified in 
paragraphs (d)(2) and (d)(4) of this sec-
tion. Operations authorized by this sec-
tion must be conducted— 

(1) Outside any Class B or Class C air-

space area; and 

(2) Below the altitude of the ceiling 

of a Class B or Class C airspace area 
designated for an airport, or 10,000 feet 
MSL, whichever is lower. 

(f) Each person operating an aircraft 

equipped with ADS–B Out must operate 
this equipment in the transmit mode 
at all times. 

(g) Requests for ATC authorized devi-

ations from the requirements of this 

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