Section 91.311

14 CFR Ch. I (1-1-19 Edition)

strength more than twice the maximum certificated operating weight of
the glider or unpowered ultralight vehicle if - 
(i) A safety link is installed at the
point of attachment of the towline to
the glider or unpowered ultralight vehicle with a breaking strength not less
than 80 percent of the maximum certificated operating weight of the glider
or unpowered ultralight vehicle and
not greater than twice this operating
weight;
(ii) A safety link is installed at the
point of attachment of the towline to
the towing aircraft with a breaking
strength greater, but not more than 25
percent greater, than that of the safety
link at the towed glider or unpowered
ultralight vehicle end of the towline
and not greater than twice the maximum certificated operating weight of
the glider or unpowered ultralight vehicle;
(4) Before conducting any towing operation within the lateral boundaries
of the surface areas of Class B, Class C,
Class D, or Class E airspace designated
for an airport, or before making each
towing flight within such controlled
airspace if required by ATC, the pilot
in command notifies the control tower.
If a control tower does not exist or is
not in operation, the pilot in command
must notify the FAA flight service station serving that controlled airspace
before conducting any towing operations in that airspace; and
(5) The pilots of the towing aircraft
and the glider or unpowered ultralight
vehicle have agreed upon a general
course of action, including takeoff and
release signals, airspeeds, and emergency procedures for each pilot.
(b) No pilot of a civil aircraft may intentionally release a towline, after release of a glider or unpowered ultralight vehicle, in a manner that endangers the life or property of another.

kpayne on VMOFRWIN702 with $$_JOB

[Doc. No. 18834, 54 FR 34308, Aug. 18, 1989, as
amended by Amdt. 91-227, 56 FR 65661, Dec.
17, 1991; Amdt. 91-282, 69 FR 44880, July 27,
2004]

Section 91.311 Towing: Other than under
Section 91.309.
No pilot of a civil aircraft may tow
anything with that aircraft (other than
under Section 91.309) except in accordance

with the terms of a certificate of waiver issued by the Administrator.
Section 91.313 Restricted category civil aircraft: Operating limitations.
(a) No person may operate a restricted category civil aircraft - 
(1) For other than the special purpose
for which it is certificated; or
(2) In an operation other than one
necessary to accomplish the work activity directly associated with that
special purpose.
(b) For the purpose of paragraph (a)
of this section, the following operations are considered necessary to accomplish the work activity directly associated with a special purpose operation:
(1) Flights conducted for flight crewmember training in a special purpose
operation for which the aircraft is certificated.
(2) Flights conducted to satisfy proficiency check and recent flight experience requirements under part 61 of this
chapter provided the flight crewmember holds the appropriate category, class, and type ratings and is
employed by the operator to perform
the appropriate special purpose operation.
(3) Flights conducted to relocate the
aircraft for delivery, repositioning, or
maintenance.
(c) No person may operate a restricted category civil aircraft carrying persons or property for compensation or hire. For the purposes of
this paragraph (c), a special purpose
operation involving the carriage of persons or material necessary to accomplish that operation, such as crop dusting, seeding, spraying, and banner towing (including the carrying of required
persons or material to the location of
that operation), an operation for the
purpose of providing flight crewmember training in a special purpose
operation, and an operation conducted
under the authority provided in paragraph (h) of this section are not considered to be the carriage of persons or
property for compensation or hire.
(d) No person may be carried on a restricted category civil aircraft unless
that person - 
(1) Is a flight crewmember;
(2) Is a flight crewmember trainee;

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