Federal Aviation Administration, DOT
Section 91.409

Section 91.409

Inspections.

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(a) Except as provided in paragraph
(c) of this section, no person may operate an aircraft unless, within the preceding 12 calendar months, it has had - 
(1) An annual inspection in accordance with part 43 of this chapter and
has been approved for return to service
by a person authorized by Section 43.7 of this
chapter; or
(2) An inspection for the issuance of
an airworthiness certificate in accordance with part 21 of this chapter.
No inspection performed under paragraph (b) of this section may be substituted for any inspection required by
this paragraph unless it is performed
by a person authorized to perform annual inspections and is entered as an
 - annual -  inspection in the required
maintenance records.
(b) Except as provided in paragraph
(c) of this section, no person may operate an aircraft carrying any person
(other than a crewmember) for hire,
and no person may give flight instruction for hire in an aircraft which that
person provides, unless within the preceding 100 hours of time in service the
aircraft has received an annual or 100hour inspection and been approved for
return to service in accordance with
part 43 of this chapter or has received
an inspection for the issuance of an airworthiness certificate in accordance
with part 21 of this chapter. The 100hour limitation may be exceeded by
not more than 10 hours while en route
to reach a place where the inspection
can be done. The excess time used to
reach a place where the inspection can
be done must be included in computing
the next 100 hours of time in service.
(c) Paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section do not apply to - 
(1) An aircraft that carries a special
flight permit, a current experimental
certificate, or a light-sport or provisional airworthiness certificate;
(2) An aircraft inspected in accordance with an approved aircraft inspection program under part 125 or 135 of
this chapter and so identified by the
registration number in the operations
specifications of the certificate holder
having the approved inspection program;

(3) An aircraft subject to the requirements of paragraph (d) or (e) of this
section; or
(4) Turbine-powered rotorcraft when
the operator elects to inspect that
rotorcraft in accordance with paragraph (e) of this section.
(d) Progressive inspection. Each registered owner or operator of an aircraft
desiring to use a progressive inspection
program must submit a written request
to the responsible Flight Standards office, and shall provide - 
(1) A certificated mechanic holding
an inspection authorization, a certificated airframe repair station, or the
manufacturer of the aircraft to supervise or conduct the progressive inspection;
(2) A current inspection procedures
manual available and readily understandable to pilot and maintenance
personnel containing, in detail - 
(i) An explanation of the progressive
inspection, including the continuity of
inspection responsibility, the making
of reports, and the keeping of records
and technical reference material;
(ii) An inspection schedule, specifying the intervals in hours or days
when routine and detailed inspections
will be performed and including instructions for exceeding an inspection
interval by not more than 10 hours
while en route and for changing an inspection interval because of service experience;
(iii) Sample routine and detailed inspection forms and instructions for
their use; and
(iv) Sample reports and records and
instructions for their use;
(3) Enough housing and equipment
for necessary disassembly and proper
inspection of the aircraft; and
(4) Appropriate current technical information for the aircraft.
The frequency and detail of the progressive inspection shall provide for
the complete inspection of the aircraft
within each 12 calendar months and be
consistent with the manufacturer-s
recommendations, field service experience, and the kind of operation in
which the aircraft is engaged. The progressive inspection schedule must ensure that the aircraft, at all times, will
be airworthy and will conform to all
applicable FAA aircraft specifications,

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