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14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–19 Edition) 

§ 91.509 

§ 91.509

Survival equipment for 

overwater operations. 

(a) No person may take off an air-

plane for a flight over water more than 
50 nautical miles from the nearest 
shore unless that airplane is equipped 
with a life preserver or an approved flo-
tation means for each occupant of the 
airplane. 

(b) Except as provided in paragraph 

(c) of this section, no person may take 
off an airplane for flight over water 
more than 30 minutes flying time or 100 
nautical miles from the nearest shore, 
whichever is less, unless it has on 
board the following survival equip-
ment: 

(1) A life preserver, equipped with an 

approved survivor locator light, for 
each occupant of the airplane. 

(2) Enough liferafts (each equipped 

with an approved survival locator 
light) of a rated capacity and buoyancy 
to accommodate the occupants of the 
airplane. 

(3) At least one pyrotechnic signaling 

device for each liferaft. 

(4) One self-buoyant, water-resistant, 

portable emergency radio signaling de-
vice that is capable of transmission on 
the appropriate emergency frequency 
or frequencies and not dependent upon 
the airplane power supply. 

(5) A lifeline stored in accordance 

with § 25.1411(g) of this chapter. 

(c) A fractional ownership program 

manager under subpart K of this part 
may apply for a deviation from para-
graphs (b)(2) through (5) of this section 
for a particular over water operation or 
the Administrator may amend the 
management specifications to require 
the carriage of all or any specific items 
of the equipment listed in paragraphs 
(b)(2) through (5) of this section. 

(d) The required life rafts, life pre-

servers, and signaling devices must be 
installed in conspicuously marked lo-
cations and easily accessible in the 
event of a ditching without appreciable 
time for preparatory procedures. 

(e) A survival kit, appropriately 

equipped for the route to be flown, 
must be attached to each required life 
raft. 

(f) As used in this section, the term 

shore means that area of the land adja-
cent to the water that is above the 
high water mark and excludes land 

areas that are intermittently under 
water. 

[Doc. No. 18334, 54 FR 34314, Aug. 18, 1989, as 
amended by Amdt. 91–280, 68 FR 54561, Sept. 
17, 2003] 

§ 91.511

Communication and naviga-

tion equipment for overwater oper-
ations. 

(a) Except as provided in paragraphs 

(c), (d), and (f) of this section, no per-
son may take off an airplane for a 
flight over water more than 30 minutes 
flying time or 100 nautical miles from 
the nearest shore unless it has at least 
the following operable equipment: 

(1) Radio communication equipment 

appropriate to the facilities to be used 
and able to transmit to, and receive 
from, at least one communication fa-
cility from any place along the route: 

(i) Two transmitters. 
(ii) Two microphones. 
(iii) Two headsets or one headset and 

one speaker. 

(iv) Two independent receivers. 
(2) Appropriate electronic naviga-

tional equipment consisting of at least 
two independent electronic navigation 
units capable of providing the pilot 
with the information necessary to 
navigate the airplane within the air-
space assigned by air traffic control. 
However, a receiver that can receive 
both communications and required 
navigational signals may be used in 
place of a separate communications re-
ceiver and a separate navigational sig-
nal receiver or unit. 

(b) For the purposes of paragraphs 

(a)(1)(iv) and (a)(2) of this section, a re-
ceiver or electronic navigation unit is 
independent if the function of any part 
of it does not depend on the func-
tioning of any part of another receiver 
or electronic navigation unit. 

(c) Notwithstanding the provisions of 

paragraph (a) of this section, a person 
may operate an airplane on which no 
passengers are carried from a place 
where repairs or replacement cannot be 
made to a place where they can be 
made, if not more than one of each of 
the dual items of radio communication 
and navigational equipment specified 
in paragraphs (a)(1) (i) through (iv) and 
(a)(2) of this section malfunctions or 
becomes inoperative. 

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