163 

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT 

§ 121.412 

(2) Satisfactorily complete an ap-

proved line-observation program with-
in the period prescribed by that pro-
gram and that must precede the per-
formance of any check airman duty in 
a flight simulator. 

(g) The flight segments or line-obser-

vation program required in paragraph 
(f) of this section are considered to be 
completed in the month required if 
completed in the calendar month be-
fore or in the calendar month after the 
month in which it is due. 

[Doc. No. 28471, 61 FR 30741, June 17, 1996, as 
amended by Amdt. 121–344, 74 FR 34235, July 
15, 2009; Amdt. 121–366, 78 FR 67837, Nov. 12, 
2013] 

§ 121.412

Qualifications: Flight instruc-

tors (airplane) and flight instruc-
tors (simulator). 

(a) For the purposes of this section 

and § 121.414: 

(1) A flight instructor (airplane) is a 

person who is qualified to instruct in 
an airplane, in a flight simulator, or in 
a flight training device for a particular 
type airplane. 

(2) A flight instructor (simulator) is a 

person who is qualified to instruct, but 
only in a flight simulator, in a flight 
training device, or both, for a par-
ticular type airplane. 

(3) Flight instructors (airplane) and 

flight instructors (simulator) are those 
instructors who perform the functions 
described in § 121.401(a)(4). 

(b) No certificate holder may use a 

person nor may any person serve as a 
flight instructor (airplane) in a train-
ing program established under this sub-
part unless, with respect to the air-
plane type involved, that person— 

(1) Holds the airman certificates and 

rating required to serve as a pilot in 
command or flight engineer, as appli-
cable, in operations under this part; 

(2) Has satisfactorily completed the 

appropriate training phases for the air-
plane, including recurrent training, 
that are required to serve as a pilot in 
command or flight engineer, as appli-
cable, in operations under this part; 

(3) Has satisfactorily completed the 

appropriate proficiency or flight 
checks that are required to serve as a 
pilot in command or flight engineer, as 
applicable, in operations under this 
part; 

(4) Has satisfactorily completed the 

applicable training requirements of 
§ 121.414, including in-flight training 
and practice for initial and transition 
training; 

(5) Holds at least a Class III medical 

certificate unless serving as a required 
crewmember, in which case holds a 
Class I or a Class II medical certificate 
as appropriate; and 

(6) Has satisfied the recency of expe-

rience requirements of § 121.439 of this 
part, as applicable. 

(c) No certificate holder may use a 

person, nor may any person serve as a 
flight instructor (simulator) in a train-
ing program established under this sub-
part, unless, with respect to the air-
plane type involved, that person meets 
the provisions of paragraph (b) of this 
section, or— 

(1) Holds the airman certificates and 

ratings, except medical certificate, re-
quired to serve as a pilot in command 
or flight engineer, as applicable, in op-
erations under this part; 

(2) Has satisfactorily completed the 

appropriate training phases for the air-
plane, including recurrent training, 
that are required to serve as a pilot in 
command or flight engineer, as appli-
cable, in operations under this part; 

(3) Has satisfactorily completed the 

appropriate proficiency or flight 
checks that are required to serve as a 
pilot in command or flight engineer, as 
applicable, in operations under this 
part; and 

(4) Has satisfactorily completed the 

applicable training requirements of 
§ 121.414. 

(d) Completion of the requirements 

in paragraphs (b) (2), (3), and (4) or (c) 
(2), (3), and (4) of this section as appli-
cable shall be entered in the individ-
ual’s training record maintained by the 
certificate holder. 

(e) Flight instructors who have 

reached their 65th birthday or who do 
not hold an appropriate medical cer-
tificate may function as flight instruc-
tors, but may not serve as pilot 
flightcrew members in operations 
under this part. 

(f) A flight instructor (simulator) 

must accomplish the following— 

(1) Fly at least two flight segments 

as a required crewmember for the type 
of airplane within the 12-month period 

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