Section 121.419

14 CFR Ch. I (1-1-19 Edition)

flightcrew members, a certificate holder must submit a request for related
aircraft designation to the Administrator, and obtain approval of that request.
(2) If the Administrator determines
under paragraph (b)(1) of this section
that a certificate holder is operating
related aircraft, the certificate holder
may submit to the Administrator a request for approval of a training program that includes related aircraft differences training.
(3) A request for approval of a training program that includes related aircraft differences training must include
at least the following:
(i) Each appropriate subject required
for the ground training for the related
aircraft.
(ii) Each appropriate maneuver or
procedure required for the flight training and crewmember emergency training for the related aircraft.
(iii) The number of programmed
hours of ground training, flight training and crewmember emergency training necessary based on review of the related aircraft and the duty position.
(c) Approved related aircraft differences
training. Approved related aircraft differences training for flightcrew members may be included in initial, transition, upgrade and recurrent training
for the base aircraft. If the certificate
holder-s approved training program includes related aircraft differences
training in accordance with paragraph
(b) of this section, the training required by SectionSection 121.419, 121.424, 121.425, and
121.427, as applicable to flightcrew
members, may be modified for the related aircraft.
[Doc. No. 9509, 35 FR 90, Jan. 3, 1970, as
amended by Amdt. 121-366, 78 FR 67839, Nov.
12, 2013]

Section 121.419 Pilots and flight engineers:
Initial, transition, and upgrade
ground training.
(a) Except as provided in paragraph
(b) of this section, initial, transition,
and upgrade ground training for pilots
and flight engineers must include instruction in at least the following as
applicable to their assigned duties:
(1) General subjects - 
(i) The certificate holder-s dispatch
or flight release procedures;

(ii) Principles and methods for determining weight and balance, and runway limitations for takeoff and landing;
(iii) Enough meteorology to insure a
practical knowledge of weather phenomena, including the principles of
frontal systems, icing, fog, thunderstorms, and high altitude weather situations;
(iv) Air traffic control systems, procedures, and phraseology;
(v) Navigation and the use of navigation aids, including instrument approach procedures;
(vi) Normal and emergency communication procedures;
(vii) Visual cues prior to and during
descent below DA/DH or MDA;
(viii) Approved crew resource management initial training; and
(ix) Other instructions as necessary
to ensure pilot and flight engineer
competence.
(2) For each airplane type - 
(i) A general description;
(ii) Performance characteristics;
(iii) Engines and propellers;
(iv) Major components;
(v) Major airplane systems (e.g.,
flight controls, electrical, hydraulic);
other systems as appropriate; principles of normal, abnormal, and emergency operations; appropriate procedures and limitations;
(vi) Procedures for - 
(A) Recognizing and avoiding severe
weather situations;
(B) Escaping from severe weather situations, in case of inadvertent encounters, including low-altitude windshear,
and
(C) Operating in or near thunderstorms (including best penetrating altitudes), turbulent air (including clear
air turbulence), icing, hail, and other
potentially hazardous meteorological
conditions;
(vii) Operating limitations;
(viii) Fuel consumption and cruise
control;
(ix) Flight planning;
(x) Each normal and emergency procedure;
(xi) For pilots, stall prevention and
recovery in clean configuration, takeoff and maneuvering configuration, and
landing configuration.

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