176 

14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–19 Edition) 

§ 121.432 

135 of this chapter as second in com-
mand may meet the requirements of 
§ 135.245 instead of the requirements of 
§ 121.436; and 

(2) Permits training center personnel 

authorized under part 142 of this chap-
ter who meet the requirements of 
§§ 121.411 through 121.414 to provide 
training, testing, and checking under 
contract or other arrangement to those 
persons subject to the requirements of 
this subpart. 

(b) For the purpose of this subpart, 

the airplane groups and terms and defi-
nitions prescribed in § 121.400 and the 
following definitions apply: 

Consolidation 

is the process by which 

a person through practice and practical 
experience increases proficiency in 
newly acquired knowledge and skills. 

Line operating flight time 

is flight time 

performed in operations under this 
part. 

Operating cycle 

is a complete flight 

segment consisting of a takeoff, climb, 
enroute portion, descent, and a land-
ing. 

[Doc. No. 10171, 36 FR 12284, June 30, 1971, as 
amended by Amdt. 121–250, 60 FR 65949, Dec. 
20, 1995; Amdt. 121–248, 60 FR 20869, Apr. 27, 
1995; Amdt. 121–250, 60 FR 65949, Dec. 20, 1995; 
Amdt. 121–259, 61 FR 34561, July 2, 1996; 
Amdt. 121–263, 62 FR 13791, Mar. 21, 1997; 
Docket FAA–2010–0100, Amdt. 121–365B, 81 FR 
2, Jan. 4, 2016] 

§ 121.432

General. 

(a) Except in the case of operating 

experience under § 121.434, a pilot who 
serves as second in command of an op-
eration that requires three or more pi-
lots must be fully qualified to act as 
pilot in command of that operation. 

(b) No certificate holder may conduct 

a check or any training in operations 
under this part, except for the fol-
lowing checks and training required by 
this part or the certificate holder: 

(1) Line checks for pilots. 
(2) Flight engineer checks (except for 

emergency procedures), if the person 
being checked is qualified and current 
in accordance with § 121.453(a). 

(3) Flight attendant training and 

competence checks. 

(c) Except for pilot line checks and 
flight engineer flight checks, the per-

son being trained or checked may not 
be used as a required crewmember. 

[Doc. No. 9509, 35 FR 95, Jan. 3, 1970, as 
amended by Amdt. 121–130, 41 FR 47229, Oct. 
28, 1976; Amdt. 121–366, 78 FR 67840, Nov. 12, 
2013] 

§ 121.433

Training required. 

(a) 

Initial training. 

No certificate 

holder may use any person nor may 
any person serve as a required crew-
member on an airplane unless that per-
son has satisfactorily completed, in a 
training program approved under sub-
part N of this part, initial ground and 
flight training for that type airplane 
and for the particular crewmember po-
sition, except as follows: 

(1) Crewmembers who have qualified 

and served as a crewmember on an-
other type airplane of the same group 
may serve in the same crewmember ca-
pacity upon completion of transition 
training as provided in § 121.415. 

(2) Crewmembers who have qualified 

and served as second in command or 
flight engineer on a particular type air-
plane may serve as pilot in command 
or second in command, respectively, 
upon completion of upgrade training 
for that airplane as provided in 
§ 121.415. 

(b) 

Differences training. 

No certificate 

holder may use any person nor may 
any person serve as a required crew-
member on an airplane of a type for 
which differences training is included 
in the certificate holder’s approved 
training program unless that person 
has satisfactorily completed, with re-
spect to both the crewmember position 
and the particular variation of the air-
plane in which the person serves, either 
initial or transition ground and flight 
training, or differences training, as 
provided in § 121.415. 

(c) 

Recurrent training. 

(1) No certifi-

cate holder may use any person nor 
may any person serve as a required 
crewmember on an airplane unless, 
within the preceding 12 calendar 
months— 

(i) For flight crewmembers, the per-

son has satisfactorily completed recur-
rent ground and flight training for that 
airplane and crewmember position and 
a flight check as applicable; 

(ii) For flight attendants and dis-

patchers, the person has satisfactorily 

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