181 

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT 

§ 121.439 

(1) A newly certificated certificate 

holder does not employ any pilots who 
meet the minimum requirements of 
this paragraph. 

(2) An existing certificate holder adds 

to its fleet a type airplane not before 
proven for use in its operations. 

(3) An existing certificate holder es-

tablishes a new domicile to which it as-
signs pilots who will be required to be-
come qualified on the airplanes oper-
ated from that domicile. 

[Doc. No. 27210, 60 FR 20870, Apr. 27, 1995] 

§ 121.439

Pilot qualification: Recent 

experience. 

(a) No certificate holder may use any 

person nor may any person serve as a 
required pilot flight crewmember, un-
less within the preceding 90 days, that 
person has made at least three takeoffs 
and landings in the type airplane in 
which that person is to serve. The 
takeoffs and landings required by this 
paragraph may be performed in a vis-
ual simulator approved under § 121.407 
to include takeoff and landing maneu-
vers. In addition, any person who fails 
to make the three required takeoffs 
and landings within any consecutive 
90-day period must reestablish recency 
of experience as provided in paragraph 
(b) of this section. 

(b) In addition to meeting all applica-

ble training and checking requirements 
of this part, a required pilot flight 
crewmember who has not met the re-
quirements of paragraph (a) of this sec-
tion must reestablish recency of expe-
rience as follows: 

(1) Under the supervision of a check 

airman, make at least three takeoffs 
and landings in the type airplane in 
which that person is to serve or in an 
advanced simulator or visual simu-
lator. When a visual simulator is used, 
the requirements of paragraph (c) of 
this section must be met. 

(2) The takeoffs and landings re-

quired in paragraph (b)(1) of this sec-
tion must include— 

(i) At least one takeoff with a simu-

lated failure of the most critical pow-
erplant; 

(ii) At least one landing from an ILS 

approach to the lowest ILS minimum 
authorized for the certificate holder; 
and 

(iii) At least one landing to a full 

stop. 

(c) A required pilot flight crew-

member who performs the manuvers 
prescribed in paragraph (b) of this sec-
tion in a visual simulator must— 

(1) Have previously logged 100 hours 

of flight time in the same type airplane 
in which he is to serve; 

(2) Be observed on the first two land-

ings made in operations under this part 
by an approved check airman who acts 
as pilot in command and occupies a 
pilot seat. The landings must be made 
in weather minimums that are not less 
than those contained in the certificate 
holder’s operations specifications for 
Category I Operations, and must be 
made within 45 days following comple-
tion of simulator training. 

(d) When using a simulator to accom-

plish any of the requirements of para-
graph (a) or (b) of this section, each re-
quired flight crewmember position 
must be occupied by an appropriately 
qualified person and the simulator 
must be operated as if in a normal in- 
flight environment without use of the 
repositioning features of the simulator. 

(e) A check airman who observes the 

takeoffs and landings prescribed in 
paragraphs (b)(1) and (c) of this section 
shall certify that the person being ob-
served is proficient and qualified to 
perform flight duty in operations under 
this part and may require any addi-
tional maneuvers that are determined 
necessary to make this certifying 
statement. 

(f) Deviation authority based upon 

designation of related aircraft in ac-
cordance with § 121.418(b). 

(1) The Administrator may authorize 

a deviation from the requirements of 
paragraph (a) of this section based 
upon a designation of related aircraft 
in accordance with § 121.418(b) of this 
part and a determination that the cer-
tificate holder can demonstrate an 
equivalent level of safety. 

(2) A request for deviation from para-

graph (a) of this section must be sub-
mitted to the Administrator. The re-
quest must include the following: 

(i) Identification of aircraft operated 

by the certificate holder designated as 
related aircraft. 

(ii) The number of takeoffs, landings, 

maneuvers, and procedures necessary 

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