349 

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT 

§ 125.287 

§ 125.283

Second-in-command quali-

fications. 

No certificate holder may use any 

person, nor may any person serve, as 
second in command of an airplane un-
less that person— 

(a) Holds at least a commercial pilot 

certificate with appropriate category 
and class ratings, and an instrument 
rating; and 

(b) For flight under IFR, meets the 

recent instrument experience require-
ments prescribed for a pilot in com-
mand in part 61 of this chapter. 

§ 125.285

Pilot qualifications: Recent 

experience. 

(a) No certificate holder may use any 

person, nor may any person serve, as a 
required pilot flight crewmember un-
less within the preceding 90 calendar 
days that person has made at least 
three takeoffs and landings in the type 
airplane in which that person is to 
serve. The takeoffs and landings re-
quired by this paragraph may be per-
formed in a flight simulator if the 
flight simulator is qualified and ap-
proved by the Administrator for such 
purpose. However, any person who fails 
to qualify for a 90-consecutive-day pe-
riod following the date of that person’s 
last qualification under this paragraph 
must reestablish recency of experience 
as provided in paragraph (b) of this sec-
tion. 

(b) A required pilot flight crew-

member who has not met the require-
ments of paragraph (a) of this section 
may reestablish recency of experience 
by making at least three takeoffs and 
landings under the supervision of an 
authorized check airman, in accord-
ance with the following: 

(1) At least one takeoff must be made 

with a simulated failure of the most 
critical powerplant. 

(2) At least one landing must be made 

from an ILS approach to the lowest 
ILS minimums authorized for the cer-
tificate holder. 

(3) At least one landing must be made 

to a complete stop. 

(c) A required pilot flight crew-

member who performs the maneuvers 
required by paragraph (b) of this sec-
tion in a qualified and approved flight 
simulator, as prescribed in paragraph 
(a) of this section, must— 

(1) Have previously logged 100 hours 

of flight time in the same type airplane 
in which the pilot is to serve; and 

(2) Be observed on the first two land-

ings made in operations under this part 
by an authorized check airman who 
acts as pilot in command and occupies 
a pilot seat. The landings must be 
made in weather minimums that are 
not less than those contained in the 
certificate holder’s operations speci-
fications for Category I operations and 
must be made within 45 days following 
completion of simulator testing. 

(d) An authorized check airman who 

observes the takeoffs and landings pre-
scribed in paragraphs (b) and (c)(3) of 
this section shall certify that the per-
son being observed is proficient and 
qualified to perform flight duty in op-
erations under this part, and may re-
quire any additional maneuvers that 
are determined necessary to make this 
certifying statement. 

[Doc. No. 19779, 45 FR 67235, Oct. 9, 1980, as 
amended by Amdt. 125–27, 61 FR 34561, July 2, 
1996] 

§ 125.287

Initial and recurrent pilot 

testing requirements. 

(a) No certificate holder may use any 

person, nor may any person serve as a 
pilot, unless, since the beginning of the 
12th calendar month before that serv-
ice, that person has passed a written or 
oral test, given by the Administrator 
or an authorized check airman on that 
person’s knowledge in the following 
areas— 

(1) The appropriate provisions of 

parts 61, 91, and 125 of this chapter and 
the operations specifications and the 
manual of the certificate holder; 

(2) For each type of airplane to be 

flown by the pilot, the airplane power-
plant, major components and systems, 
major appliances, performance and op-
erating limitations, standard and 
emergency operating procedures, and 
the contents of the approved Airplane 
Flight Manual or approved equivalent, 
as applicable; 

(3) For each type of airplane to be 

flown by the pilot, the method of deter-
mining compliance with weight and 
balance limitations for takeoff, land-
ing, and en route operations; 

(4) Navigation and use of air naviga-

tion aids appropriate to the operation 

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