536 

14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–19 Edition) 

Pt. 135, App. G 

(3) All ETOPS Alternate Airports within 

the authorized ETOPS maximum diversion 
time are reviewed for any changes in condi-
tions that have occurred since dispatch. 

(b) In the event that an operator cannot 

comply with paragraph G135.2.5(a)(1) of this 
appendix for a specific airport, another 
ETOPS Alternate Airport must be sub-
stituted within the maximum ETOPS diver-
sion time that could be authorized for that 
flight with weather conditions at or above 
operating minima. 

(c) Pilots must plan and conduct ETOPS 

under instrument flight rules. 

(d) 

Time-Limited Systems. 

(1) Except as pro-

vided in paragraph G135.2.5(d)(3) of this ap-
pendix, the time required to fly the distance 
to each ETOPS Alternate Airport (at the all- 
engines-operating cruise speed, corrected for 
wind and temperature) may not exceed the 
time specified in the Airplane Flight Manual 
for the airplane’s most limiting fire suppres-
sion system time required by regulation for 
any cargo or baggage compartments (if in-
stalled), minus 15 minutes. 

(2) Except as provided in G135.2.5(d)(3) of 

this appendix, the time required to fly the 
distance to each ETOPS Alternate Airport 
(at the approved one-engine-inoperative 
cruise speed, corrected for wind and tem-
perature) may not exceed the time specified 
in the Airplane Flight Manual for the air-
plane’s most time limited system time 
(other than the airplane’s most limiting fire 
suppression system time required by regula-
tion for any cargo or baggage compart-
ments), minus 15 minutes. 

(3) A certificate holder operating an air-

plane without the Airplane Flight Manual 
information needed to comply with para-
graphs G135.2.5(d)(1) and (d)(2) of this appen-
dix, may continue ETOPS with that airplane 
until February 17, 2015. 

G135.2.6

Communications Requirements. 

(a) No person may conduct an ETOPS 

flight unless the following communications 
equipment, appropriate to the route to be 
flown, is installed and operational: 

(1) Two independent communication trans-

mitters, at least one of which allows voice 
communication. 

(2) Two independent communication re-

ceivers, at least one of which allows voice 
communication. 

(3) Two headsets, or one headset and one 

speaker. 

(b) In areas where voice communication fa-

cilities are not available, or are of such poor 
quality that voice communication is not pos-
sible, communication using an alternative 
system must be substituted. 

G135.2.7

Fuel Requirements. 

No person may 

dispatch or release for flight an ETOPS 
flight unless, considering wind and other 
weather conditions expected, it has the fuel 
otherwise required by this part and enough 

fuel to satisfy each of the following require-
ments: 

(a) 

Fuel to fly to an ETOPS Alternate Airport. 

(1) Fuel to account for rapid decompression 
and engine failure. The airplane must carry 
the greater of the following amounts of fuel: 

(i) Fuel sufficient to fly to an ETOPS Al-

ternate Airport assuming a rapid decompres-
sion at the most critical point followed by 
descent to a safe altitude in compliance with 
the oxygen supply requirements of § 135.157; 

(ii) Fuel sufficient to fly to an ETOPS Al-

ternate Airport (at the one-engine-inoper-
ative cruise speed under standard conditions 
in still air) assuming a rapid decompression 
and a simultaneous engine failure at the 
most critical point followed by descent to a 
safe altitude in compliance with the oxygen 
requirements of § 135.157; or 

(iii) Fuel sufficient to fly to an ETOPS Al-

ternate Airport (at the one-engine-inoper-
ative cruise speed under standard conditions 
in still air) assuming an engine failure at the 
most critical point followed by descent to 
the one engine inoperative cruise altitude. 

(2) Fuel to account for errors in wind fore-

casting. In calculating the amount of fuel re-
quired by paragraph G135.2.7(a)(1) of this ap-
pendix, the certificate holder must increase 
the actual forecast wind speed by 5% (result-
ing in an increase in headwind or a decrease 
in tailwind) to account for any potential er-
rors in wind forecasting. If a certificate hold-
er is not using the actual forecast wind based 
on a wind model accepted by the FAA, the 
airplane must carry additional fuel equal to 
5% of the fuel required by paragraph 
G135.2.7(a) of this appendix, as reserve fuel to 
allow for errors in wind data. 

(3) Fuel to account for icing. In calculating 

the amount of fuel required by paragraph 
G135.2.7(a)(1) of this appendix, (after com-
pleting the wind calculation in G135.2.7(a)(2) 
of this appendix), the certificate holder must 
ensure that the airplane carries the greater 
of the following amounts of fuel in anticipa-
tion of possible icing during the diversion: 

(i) Fuel that would be burned as a result of 

airframe icing during 10 percent of the time 
icing is forecast (including the fuel used by 
engine and wing anti-ice during this period). 

(ii) Fuel that would be used for engine 

anti-ice, and if appropriate wing anti-ice, for 
the entire time during which icing is fore-
cast. 

(4) Fuel to account for engine deteriora-

tion. In calculating the amount of fuel re-
quired by paragraph G135.2.7(a)(1) of this ap-
pendix (after completing the wind calcula-
tion in paragraph G135.2.7(a)(2) of this appen-
dix), the certificate holder must ensure the 
airplane also carries fuel equal to 5% of the 
fuel specified above, to account for deterio-
ration in cruise fuel burn performance unless 
the certificate holder has a program to mon-
itor airplane in-service deterioration to 
cruise fuel burn performance. 

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