423 

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT 

§ 135.99 

Alaska, unless authorized by the FAA. 
The certificate holder’s operation spec-
ifications must include the following: 

(a) The designation of airports that 

may be used for en-route diversions 
and the requirements the airports must 
meet at the time of diversion. 

(b) Except for all-cargo operations, a 

recovery plan for passengers at des-
ignated diversion airports. 

(c) A fuel-freeze strategy and proce-

dures for monitoring fuel freezing for 
operations in the North Polar Area. 

(d) A plan to ensure communication 

capability for operations in the North 
Polar Area. 

(e) An MEL for operations in the 

North Polar Area. 

(f) A training plan for operations in 

the North Polar Area. 

(g) A plan for mitigating crew expo-

sure to radiation during solar flare ac-
tivity. 

(h) A plan for providing at least two 

cold weather anti-exposure suits in the 
aircraft, to protect crewmembers dur-
ing outside activity at a diversion air-
port with extreme climatic conditions. 
The FAA may relieve the certificate 
holder from this requirement if the 
season of the year makes the equip-
ment unnecessary. 

[Doc. No. FAA–2002–6717, 72 FR 1885, Jan. 16, 
2007, as amended by Amdt. 135–112, 73 FR 
8798, Feb. 15, 2008] 

§ 135.99

Composition of flight crew. 

(a) No certificate holder may operate 

an aircraft with less than the min-
imum flight crew specified in the air-
craft operating limitations or the Air-
craft Flight Manual for that aircraft 
and required by this part for the kind 
of operation being conducted. 

(b) No certificate holder may operate 

an aircraft without a second in com-
mand if that aircraft has a passenger 
seating configuration, excluding any 
pilot seat, of ten seats or more. 

(c) Except as provided in paragraph 

(d) of this section, a certificate holder 
authorized to conduct operations under 
instrument flight rules may receive au-
thorization from the Administrator 
through its operations specifications to 
establish a second-in-command profes-
sional development program. As part of 
that program, a pilot employed by the 
certificate holder may log time as sec-

ond in command in operations con-
ducted under this part and part 91 of 
this chapter that do not require a sec-
ond pilot by type certification of the 
aircraft or the regulation under which 
the flight is being conducted, provided 
the flight operation is conducted in ac-
cordance with the certificate holder’s 
operations specifications for second-in- 
command professional development 
program; and— 

(1) The certificate holder: 
(i) Maintains records for each as-

signed second in command consistent 
with the requirements in § 135.63; 

(ii) Provides a copy of the records re-

quired by § 135.63(a)(4)(vi) and (x) to the 
assigned second in command upon re-
quest and within a reasonable time; 
and 

(iii) Establishes and maintains a data 

collection and analysis process that 
will enable the certificate holder and 
the FAA to determine whether the sec-
ond-in-command professional develop-
ment program is accomplishing its ob-
jectives. 

(2) The aircraft is a multiengine air-

plane or a single-engine turbine-pow-
ered airplane. The aircraft must have 
an independent set of controls for a 
second pilot flightcrew member, which 
may not include a throwover control 
wheel. The aircraft must also have the 
following equipment and independent 
instrumentation for a second pilot: 

(i) An airspeed indicator; 
(ii) Sensitive altimeter adjustable for 

barometric pressure; 

(iii) Gyroscopic bank and pitch indi-

cator; 

(iv) Gyroscopic rate-of-turn indicator 

combined with an integral slip-skid in-
dicator; 

(v) Gyroscopic direction indicator; 
(vi) For IFR operations, a vertical 

speed indicator; 

(vii) For IFR operations, course guid-

ance for en route navigation and in-
strument approaches; and 

(viii) A microphone, transmit switch, 

and headphone or speaker. 

(3) The pilot assigned to serve as sec-

ond in command satisfies the following 
requirements: 

(i) The second in command qualifica-

tions in § 135.245; 

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