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Federal Aviation Administration, DOT 

§ 135.152 

digital method of recording and storing 
data, and a method of readily retriev-
ing that data from the storage me-
dium. The parameters in appendix D or 
E of this part, as applicable, that are 
set forth below, must be recorded with-
in the ranges, accuracies, resolutions, 
and sampling intervals as specified. 

(1) Except as provided in paragraph 

(b)(3) of this section for aircraft type 
certificated before October 1, 1969, the 
following parameters must be recorded: 

(i) Time; 
(ii) Altitude; 
(iii) Airspeed; 
(iv) Vertical acceleration; 
(v) Heading; 
(vi) Time of each radio transmission 

to or from air traffic control; 

(vii) Pitch attitude; 
(viii) Roll attitude; 
(ix) Longitudinal acceleration; 
(x) Control column or pitch control 

surface position; and 

(xi) Thrust of each engine. 
(2) Except as provided in paragraph 

(b)(3) of this section for aircraft type 
certificated after September 30, 1969, 
the following parameters must be re-
corded: 

(i) Time; 
(ii) Altitude; 
(iii) Airspeed; 
(iv) Vertical acceleration; 
(v) Heading; 
(vi) Time of each radio transmission 

either to or from air traffic control; 

(vii) Pitch attitude; 
(viii) Roll attitude; 
(ix) Longitudinal acceleration; 
(x) Pitch trim position; 
(xi) Control column or pitch control 

surface position; 

(xii) Control wheel or lateral control 

surface position; 

(xiii) Rudder pedal or yaw control 

surface position; 

(xiv) Thrust of each engine; 
(xv) Position of each thrust reverser; 
(xvi) Trailing edge flap or cockpit 

flap control position; and 

(xvii) Leading edge flap or cockpit 

flap control position. 

(3) For aircraft manufactured after 

October 11, 1991, all of the parameters 
listed in appendix D or E of this part, 
as applicable, must be recorded. 

(c) Whenever a flight recorder re-

quired by this section is installed, it 

must be operated continuously from 
the instant the airplane begins the 
takeoff roll or the rotorcraft begins the 
lift-off until the airplane has com-
pleted the landing roll or the rotorcraft 
has landed at its destination. 

(d) Except as provided in paragraph 

(c) of this section, and except for re-
corded data erased as authorized in 
this paragraph, each certificate holder 
shall keep the recorded data prescribed 
in paragraph (a) of this section until 
the aircraft has been operating for at 
least 25 hours of the operating time 
specified in paragraph (c) of this sec-
tion. In addition, each certificate hold-
er shall keep the recorded data pre-
scribed in paragraph (b) of this section 
for an airplane until the airplane has 
been operating for at least 25 hours, 
and for a rotorcraft until the rotorcraft 
has been operating for at least 10 
hours, of the operating time specified 
in paragraph (c) of this section. A total 
of 1 hour of recorded data may be 
erased for the purpose of testing the 
flight recorder or the flight recorder 
system. Any erasure made in accord-
ance with this paragraph must be of 
the oldest recorded data accumulated 
at the time of testing. Except as pro-
vided in paragraph (c) of this section, 
no record need be kept more than 60 
days. 

(e) In the event of an accident or oc-

currence that requires the immediate 
notification of the National Transpor-
tation Safety Board under 49 CFR part 
830 of its regulations and that results 
in termination of the flight, the certifi-
cate holder shall remove the recording 
media from the aircraft and keep the 
recorded data required by paragraphs 
(a) and (b) of this section for at least 60 
days or for a longer period upon re-
quest of the Board or the Adminis-
trator. 

(f)(1) For airplanes manufactured on 

or before August 18, 2000, and all other 
aircraft, each flight recorder required 
by this section must be installed in ac-
cordance with the requirements of 
§ 23.1459 (except paragraphs (a)(3)(ii) 
and (6)), § 25.1459 (except paragraphs 
(a)(3)(ii) and (7)), § 27.1459 (except para-
graphs (a)(3)(ii) and (6)), or § 29.1459 (ex-
cept paragraphs (a)(3)(ii) and (6)), as 
appropriate, of this chapter. The cor-
relation required by paragraph (c) of 

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