Section 135.163

14 CFR Ch. I (1-1-19 Edition)

within Class B, Class C, or Class D airspace, or within a Class E surface area
designated for an airport in which
flights are intended; and
(3) Receive meteorological information from any point en route, except in
remote locations and areas of mountainous terrain where geographical
constraints make such communication
impossible.
(b) No person may operate an aircraft
at night under VFR over routes that
can be navigated by pilotage unless
that aircraft is equipped with - 
(1) Two-way radio communication
equipment necessary under normal operating conditions to fulfill the functions specified in paragraph (a) of this
section; and
(2) Navigation equipment suitable for
the route to be flown.
[Doc. No. FAA-2002-14002, 72 FR 31684, June 7,
2007, as amended by Amdt. 135-116, 74 FR
20205, May 1, 2009]

Section 135.163 Equipment
requirements:
Aircraft carrying passengers under
IFR.
No person may operate an aircraft
under IFR, carrying passengers, unless
it has - 
(a) A vertical speed indicator;
(b) A free-air temperature indicator;
(c) A heated pitot tube for each airspeed indicator;
(d) A power failure warning device or
vacuum indicator to show the power
available for gyroscopic instruments
from each power source;
(e) An alternate source of static pressure for the altimeter and the airspeed
and vertical speed indicators;
(f) For a single-engine aircraft:
(1) Two independent electrical power
generating sources each of which is
able to supply all probable combinations of continuous inflight electrical
loads for required instruments and
equipment; or
(2) In addition to the primary electrical power generating source, a
standby battery or an alternate source
of electric power that is capable of supplying 150% of the electrical loads of
all required instruments and equipment necessary for safe emergency operation of the aircraft for at least one
hour;

(g) For multi-engine aircraft, at least
two generators or alternators each of
which is on a separate engine, of which
any combination of one-half of the
total number are rated sufficiently to
supply the electrical loads of all required instruments and equipment necessary for safe emergency operation of
the aircraft except that for multi-engine helicopters, the two required generators may be mounted on the main
rotor drive train; and
(h) Two independent sources of energy (with means of selecting either) of
which at least one is an engine-driven
pump or generator, each of which is
able to drive all required gyroscopic instruments powered by, or to be powered by, that particular source and installed so that failure of one instrument or source, does not interfere with
the energy supply to the remaining instruments or the other energy source
unless, for single-engine aircraft in all
cargo operations only, the rate of turn
indicator has a source of energy separate from the bank and pitch and direction indicators. For the purpose of this
paragraph, for multi-engine aircraft,
each engine-driven source of energy
must be on a different engine.
(i) For the purpose of paragraph (f) of
this section, a continuous inflight electrical load includes one that draws current continuously during flight, such
as radio equipment, electrically driven
instruments, and lights, but does not
include occasional intermittent loads.
[Doc. No. 16097, 43 FR 46783, Oct. 10, 1978, as
amended by Amdt. 135-70, 62 FR 42374, Aug. 6,
1997; Amdt. 135-72, 63 FR 25573, May 8, 1998]

Section 135.165 Communication and navigation equipment: Extended overwater or IFR operations.
(a) Aircraft navigation equipment requirements - General. Except as provided
in paragraph (g) of this section, no person may conduct operations under IFR
or extended over-water unless - 
(1) The en route navigation aids necessary for navigating the aircraft along
the route (e.g., ATS routes, arrival and
departure routes, and instrument approach procedures, including missed
approach procedures if a missed approach routing is specified in the procedure) are available and suitable for

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