461 

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT 

§ 135.229 

of this chapter and the certificate hold-
er’s operations specifications for EFVS 
operations. 

[Doc. No. 16097, 43 FR 46783, Oct. 10, 1978, as 
amended by Amdt. 135–91, 68 FR 54586, Sept. 
17, 2003; Amdt. 135–93, 69 FR 1641, Jan. 9, 2004; 
Amdt. 135–110, 72 FR 31685, June 7, 2007; 
Amdt. 135–126, 77 FR 1632, Jan. 11, 2012; Dock-
et FAA–2013–0485, Amdt. 135–135, 81 FR 90177, 
Dec. 13, 2016] 

§ 135.227

Icing conditions: Operating 

limitations. 

(a) No pilot may take off an aircraft 

that has frost, ice, or snow adhering to 
any rotor blade, propeller, windshield, 
stabilizing or control surface; to a pow-
erplant installation; or to an airspeed, 
altimeter, rate of climb, flight attitude 
instrument system, or wing, except 
that takeoffs may be made with frost 
under the wing in the area of the fuel 
tanks if authorized by the FAA. 

(b) No certificate holder may author-

ize an airplane to take off and no pilot 
may take off an airplane any time con-
ditions are such that frost, ice, or snow 
may reasonably be expected to adhere 
to the airplane unless the pilot has 
completed all applicable training as re-
quired by § 135.341 and unless one of the 
following requirements is met: 

(1) A pretakeoff contamination 

check, that has been established by the 
certificate holder and approved by the 
Administrator for the specific airplane 
type, has been completed within 5 min-
utes prior to beginning takeoff. A pre-
takeoff contamination check is a check 
to make sure the wings and control 
surfaces are free of frost, ice, or snow. 

(2) The certificate holder has an ap-

proved alternative procedure and under 
that procedure the airplane is deter-
mined to be free of frost, ice, or snow. 

(3) The certificate holder has an ap-

proved deicing/anti-icing program that 
complies with § 121.629(c) of this chap-
ter and the takeoff complies with that 
program. 

(c) No pilot may fly under IFR into 

known or forecast light or moderate 
icing conditions or under VFR into 
known light or moderate icing condi-
tions, unless— 

(1) The aircraft has functioning deic-

ing or anti-icing equipment protecting 
each rotor blade, propeller, windshield, 
wing, stabilizing or control surface, 

and each airspeed, altimeter, rate of 
climb, or flight attitude instrument 
system; 

(2) The airplane has ice protection 

provisions that meet section 34 of ap-
pendix A of this part; or 

(3) The airplane meets transport cat-

egory airplane type certification provi-
sions, including the requirements for 
certification for flight in icing condi-
tions. 

(d) No pilot may fly a helicopter 

under IFR into known or forecast icing 
conditions or under VFR into known 
icing conditions unless it has been type 
certificated and appropriately equipped 
for operations in icing conditions. 

(e) Except for an airplane that has 

ice protection provisions that meet 
section 34 of appendix A, or those for 
transport category airplane type cer-
tification, no pilot may fly an aircraft 
into known or forecast severe icing 
conditions. 

(f) If current weather reports and 

briefing information relied upon by the 
pilot in command indicate that the 
forecast icing condition that would 
otherwise prohibit the flight will not 
be encountered during the flight be-
cause of changed weather conditions 
since the forecast, the restrictions in 
paragraphs (c), (d), and (e) of this sec-
tion based on forecast conditions do 
not apply. 

[Doc. No. 16097, 43 FR 46783, Oct. 10, 1978, as 
amended by Amdt. 133–20, 51 FR 40710, Nov. 7, 
1986; Amdt. 135–46, 58 FR 69629, Dec. 30, 1993; 
Amdt. 135–60, 61 FR 2616, Jan. 26, 1996; Amdt. 
135–119, 74 FR 62696, Dec. 1, 2009] 

§ 135.229

Airport requirements. 

(a) No certificate holder may use any 

airport unless it is adequate for the 
proposed operation, considering such 
items as size, surface, obstructions, 
and lighting. 

(b) No pilot of an aircraft carrying 

passengers at night may takeoff from, 
or land on, an airport unless— 

(1) That pilot has determined the 

wind direction from an illuminated 
wind direction indicator or local 
ground communications or, in the case 
of takeoff, that pilot’s personal obser-
vations; and 

(2) The limits of the area to be used 

for landing or takeoff are clearly 
shown— 

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