Federal Aviation Administration, DOT

Section 135.293

Subpart G - Crewmember Testing
Requirements
Section 135.291

Applicability.

Except as provided in Section 135.3, this subpart - 
(a) Prescribes the tests and checks
required for pilot and flight attendant
crewmembers and for the approval of
check pilots in operations under this
part; and
(b) Permits training center personnel
authorized under part 142 of this chapter who meet the requirements of
SectionSection 135.337 and 135.339 to conduct training, testing, and checking under contract or other arrangement to those
persons subject to the requirements of
this subpart.
[Doc. No. 26933, 61 FR 34561, July 2, 1996, as
amended by Amdt. 135-91, 68 FR 54587, Sept.
17, 2003]

Section 135.293 Initial and recurrent pilot
testing requirements.
(a) No certificate holder may use a
pilot, nor may any person serve as a
pilot, unless, since the beginning of the
12th calendar month before that service, that pilot has passed a written or
oral test, given by the Administrator
or an authorized check pilot, on that
pilot-s knowledge in the following
areas - 
(1) The appropriate provisions of
parts 61, 91, and 135 of this chapter and
the operations specifications and the
manual of the certificate holder;
(2) For each type of aircraft to be
flown by the pilot, the aircraft powerplant, major components and systems,
major appliances, performance and operating limitations, standard and
emergency operating procedures, and
the contents of the approved Aircraft
Flight Manual or equivalent, as applicable;
(3) For each type of aircraft to be
flown by the pilot, the method of determining compliance with weight and
balance limitations for takeoff, landing
and en route operations;
(4) Navigation and use of air navigation aids appropriate to the operation
or pilot authorization, including, when
applicable, instrument approach facilities and procedures;

(5) Air traffic control procedures, including IFR procedures when applicable;
(6) Meteorology in general, including
the principles of frontal systems, icing,
fog, thunderstorms, and windshear,
and, if appropriate for the operation of
the certificate holder, high altitude
weather;
(7) Procedures for - 
(i) Recognizing and avoiding severe
weather situations;
(ii) Escaping from severe weather situations, in case of inadvertent encounters, including low-altitude windshear
(except that rotorcraft pilots are not
required to be tested on escaping from
low-altitude windshear);
(iii) Operating in or near thunderstorms (including best penetrating altitudes), turbulent air (including clear
air turbulence), icing, hail, and other
potentially hazardous meteorological
conditions; and
(8) New equipment, procedures, or
techniques, as appropriate; and
(9) For rotorcraft pilots, procedures
for aircraft handling in flat-light,
whiteout, and brownout conditions, including methods for recognizing and
avoiding those conditions.
(b) No certificate holder may use a
pilot, nor may any person serve as a
pilot, in any aircraft unless, since the
beginning of the 12th calendar month
before that service, that pilot has
passed a competency check given by
the Administrator or an authorized
check pilot in that class of aircraft, if
single-engine airplane other than turbojet, or that type of aircraft, if helicopter, multiengine airplane, or turbojet airplane, to determine the pilot-s
competence in practical skills and
techniques in that aircraft or class of
aircraft. The extent of the competency
check shall be determined by the Administrator or authorized check pilot
conducting the competency check. The
competency check may include any of
the maneuvers and procedures currently required for the original
issuance of the particular pilot certificate required for the operations authorized and appropriate to the category, class and type of aircraft involved. For the purposes of this paragraph, type, as to an airplane, means

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