Federal Aviation Administration, DOT

Pt. 141, App. B

(7) Safe and efficient operation of aircraft,
including collision avoidance, and recognition and avoidance of wake turbulence;
(8) Effects of density altitude on takeoff
and climb performance;
(9) Weight and balance computations;
(10) Principles of aerodynamics, powerplants, and aircraft systems;
(11) If the course of training is for an airplane category or glider category rating,
stall awareness, spin entry, spins, and spin
recovery techniques;
(12) Aeronautical decision making and
judgment; and
(13) Preflight action that includes - 
(i) How to obtain information on runway
lengths at airports of intended use, data on
takeoff and landing distances, weather reports and forecasts, and fuel requirements;
and
(ii) How to plan for alternatives if the
planned flight cannot be completed or delays
are encountered.
4. Flight training. (a) Each approved course
must include at least the following flight
training, as provided in this section and section No. 5 of this appendix, on the approved
areas of operation listed in paragraph (d) of
this section, appropriate to the aircraft category and class rating:
(1) 35 hours of training if the course is for
an airplane, rotorcraft, powered-lift, or airship rating.
(2) 6 hours of training if the course is for a
glider rating.
(3) 8 hours of training if the course is for a
balloon rating.
(b) Each approved course must include at
least the following flight training:
(1) For an airplane single-engine course: 20
hours of flight training from a certificated
flight instructor on the approved areas of operation in paragraph (d)(1) of this section
that includes at least - 
(i) Except as provided in Section 61.111 of this
chapter, 3 hours of cross-country flight
training in a single-engine airplane;
(ii) 3 hours of night flight training in a single-engine airplane that includes - 
(A) One cross-country flight of more than
100-nautical-miles total distance; and
(B) 10 takeoffs and 10 landings to a full
stop (with each landing involving a flight in
the traffic pattern) at an airport.
(iii) Three hours of flight training in a single engine airplane on the control and maneuvering of a single engine airplane solely
by reference to instruments, including
straight and level flight, constant airspeed
climbs and descents, turns to a heading, recovery from unusual flight attitudes, radio
communications, and the use of navigation
systems/facilities and radar services appropriate to instrument flight; and
(iv) 3 hours of flight training in a singleengine airplane in preparation for the prac-

tical test within 60 days preceding the date
of the test.
(2) For an airplane multiengine course: 20
hours of flight training from a certificated
flight instructor on the approved areas of operation in paragraph (d)(2) of this section
that includes at least - 
(i) Except as provided in Section 61.111 of this
chapter, 3 hours of cross-country flight
training in a multiengine airplane;
(ii) 3 hours of night flight training in a
multiengine airplane that includes - 
(A) One cross-country flight of more than
100-nautical-miles total distance; and
(B) 10 takeoffs and 10 landings to a full
stop (with each landing involving a flight in
the traffic pattern) at an airport.
(iii) Three hours of flight training in a
multiengine airplane on the control and maneuvering of a multiengine airplane solely
by reference to instruments, including
straight and level flight, constant airspeed
climbs and descents, turns to a heading, recovery from unusual flight attitudes, radio
communications, and the use of navigation
systems/facilities and radar services appropriate to instrument flight; and
(iv) 3 hours of flight training in a multiengine airplane in preparation for the practical
test within 60 days preceding the date of the
test.
(3) For a rotorcraft helicopter course: 20 hours
of flight training from a certificated flight
instructor on the approved areas of operation in paragraph (d)(3) of this section that
includes at least - 
(i) Except as provided in Section 61.111 of this
chapter, 3 hours of cross-country flight
training in a helicopter.
(ii) 3 hours of night flight training in a helicopter that includes - 
(A) One cross-country flight of more than
50-nautical-miles total distance; and
(B) 10 takeoffs and 10 landings to a full
stop (with each landing involving a flight in
the traffic pattern) at an airport.
(iii) 3 hours of flight training in a helicopter in preparation for the practical test
within 60 days preceding the date of the test.
(4) For a rotorcraft gyroplane course: 20
hours of flight training from a certificated
flight instructor on the approved areas of operation in paragraph (d)(4) of this section
that includes at least - 
(i) Except as provided in Section 61.111 of this
chapter, 3 hours of cross-country flight
training in a gyroplane.
(ii) 3 hours of night flight training in a gyroplane that includes - 
(A) One cross-country flight over 50-nautical-miles total distance; and
(B) 10 takeoffs and 10 landings to a full
stop (with each landing involving a flight in
the traffic pattern) at an airport.
(iii) 3 hours of flight training in a gyroplane in preparation for the practical test
within 60 days preceding the date of the test.

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