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598

14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–19 Edition)

Pt. 141, App. C

flight in the traffic pattern) at an airport
with an operating control tower.

(d)

For a rotorcraft gyroplane course:

5 hours

of solo flight training in gyroplanes on the
approved areas of operation in paragraph
(d)(4) of section No. 4 of this appendix that
includes at least—

(1) One solo 100 nautical miles cross coun-

try flight with landings at a minimum of
three points and one segment of the flight
consisting of a straight-line distance of more
than 25 nautical miles between the takeoff
and landing locations; and

(2) Three takeoffs and three landings to a

full stop (with each landing involving a
flight in the traffic pattern) at an airport
with an operating control tower.

(e)

For a powered-lift course:

5 hours of solo

flight training in a powered-lift on the ap-
proved areas of operation in paragraph (d)(5)
of section No. 4 of this appendix that in-
cludes at least—

(1) One solo 100 nautical miles cross coun-

try flight with landings at a minimum of
three points and one segment of the flight
consisting of a straight-line distance of more
than 50 nautical miles between the takeoff
and landing locations; and

(2) Three takeoffs and three landings to a

full stop (with each landing involving a
flight in the traffic pattern) at an airport
with an operating control tower.

(f)

For a glider course:

Two solo flights in a

glider on the approved areas of operation in
paragraph (d)(6) of section No. 4 of this ap-
pendix, and the launch and tow procedures
appropriate for the approved course.

(g)

For a lighter-than-air airship course:

hours of flight training in an airship per-
forming the duties of pilot in command
while under the supervision of a commercial
pilot with an airship rating. The training
must consist of the approved areas of oper-
ation in paragraph (d)(7) of section No. 4 of
this appendix.

(h)

For a lighter-than-air balloon course:

Two

solo flights in a balloon with an airborne
heater if the course involves a balloon with
an airborne heater or, if the course involves
a gas balloon, at least two flights in a gas
balloon performing the duties of pilot in
command while under the supervision of a
commercial pilot with a balloon rating. The
training must consist of the approved areas
of operation in paragraph (d)(8) of section
No. 4 of this appendix, in the kind of balloon
for which the course applies.

Stage checks and end-of-course tests.

(a) Each student enrolled in a private pilot

course must satisfactorily accomplish the
stage checks and end-of-course tests in ac-
cordance with the school’s approved training
course, consisting of the approved areas of
operation listed in paragraph (d) of section
No. 4 of this appendix that are appropriate to
the aircraft category and class rating for
which the course applies.

(b) Each student must demonstrate satis-

factory proficiency prior to receiving an en-
dorsement to operate an aircraft in solo
flight.

[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16347, Apr. 4, 1997;
Amdt. 141–9, 62 FR 40908, July 30, 1997, as
amended by Amdt. 141–10, 63 FR 20289, Apr.
23, 1998; Amdt. 141–12, 74 FR 42564, Aug. 21,
2009; Docket FAA–2015–1846, Amdt. 141–18, 81
FR 21460, Apr. 12, 2016]

PPENDIX

ART

141—I

NSTRUMENT

ATING

OURSE

Applicability.

This appendix prescribes

the minimum curriculum for an instrument
rating course and an additional instrument
rating course, required under this part, for
the following ratings:

(a) Instrument—airplane.
(b) Instrument—helicopter.
(c) Instrument—powered-lift.
2.

Eligibility for enrollment.

A person must

hold at least a private pilot certificate with
an aircraft category and class rating appro-
priate to the instrument rating for which the
course applies prior to enrolling in the flight
portion of the instrument rating course.

Aeronautical knowledge training.

(a) Each

approved course must include at least the
following ground training on the aero-
nautical knowledge areas listed in paragraph
(b) of this section appropriate to the instru-
ment rating for which the course applies:

(1) 30 hours of training if the course is for

an initial instrument rating.

(2) 20 hours of training if the course is for

an additional instrument rating.

(b) Ground training must include the fol-

lowing aeronautical knowledge areas:

(1) Applicable Federal Aviation Regula-

tions for IFR flight operations;

(2) Appropriate information in the ‘‘Aero-

nautical Information Manual’’;

(3) Air traffic control system and proce-

dures for instrument flight operations;

(4) IFR navigation and approaches by use

of navigation systems;

(5) Use of IFR en route and instrument ap-

proach procedure charts;

(6) Procurement and use of aviation weath-

er reports and forecasts, and the elements of
forecasting weather trends on the basis of
that information and personal observation of
weather conditions;

(7) Safe and efficient operation of aircraft

under instrument flight rules and conditions;

(8) Recognition of critical weather situa-

tions and windshear avoidance;

(9) Aeronautical decision making and judg-

ment; and

(10) Crew resource management, to include

crew communication and coordination.

Flight training.

(a) Each approved course

must include at least the following flight
training on the approved areas of operation

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