Pt. 141, App. C

14 CFR Ch. I (1-1-19 Edition)

flight in the traffic pattern) at an airport
with an operating control tower.
(d) For a rotorcraft gyroplane course: 5 hours
of solo flight training in gyroplanes on the
approved areas of operation in paragraph
(d)(4) of section No. 4 of this appendix that
includes at least - 
(1) One solo 100 nautical miles cross country flight with landings at a minimum of
three points and one segment of the flight
consisting of a straight-line distance of more
than 25 nautical miles between the takeoff
and landing locations; and
(2) Three takeoffs and three landings to a
full stop (with each landing involving a
flight in the traffic pattern) at an airport
with an operating control tower.
(e) For a powered-lift course: 5 hours of solo
flight training in a powered-lift on the approved areas of operation in paragraph (d)(5)
of section No. 4 of this appendix that includes at least - 
(1) One solo 100 nautical miles cross country flight with landings at a minimum of
three points and one segment of the flight
consisting of a straight-line distance of more
than 50 nautical miles between the takeoff
and landing locations; and
(2) Three takeoffs and three landings to a
full stop (with each landing involving a
flight in the traffic pattern) at an airport
with an operating control tower.
(f) For a glider course: Two solo flights in a
glider on the approved areas of operation in
paragraph (d)(6) of section No. 4 of this appendix, and the launch and tow procedures
appropriate for the approved course.
(g) For a lighter-than-air airship course: 5
hours of flight training in an airship performing the duties of pilot in command
while under the supervision of a commercial
pilot with an airship rating. The training
must consist of the approved areas of operation in paragraph (d)(7) of section No. 4 of
this appendix.
(h) For a lighter-than-air balloon course: Two
solo flights in a balloon with an airborne
heater if the course involves a balloon with
an airborne heater or, if the course involves
a gas balloon, at least two flights in a gas
balloon performing the duties of pilot in
command while under the supervision of a
commercial pilot with a balloon rating. The
training must consist of the approved areas
of operation in paragraph (d)(8) of section
No. 4 of this appendix, in the kind of balloon
for which the course applies.
6. Stage checks and end-of-course tests.
(a) Each student enrolled in a private pilot
course must satisfactorily accomplish the
stage checks and end-of-course tests in accordance with the school-s approved training
course, consisting of the approved areas of
operation listed in paragraph (d) of section
No. 4 of this appendix that are appropriate to
the aircraft category and class rating for
which the course applies.

(b) Each student must demonstrate satisfactory proficiency prior to receiving an endorsement to operate an aircraft in solo
flight.
[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16347, Apr. 4, 1997;
Amdt. 141-9, 62 FR 40908, July 30, 1997, as
amended by Amdt. 141-10, 63 FR 20289, Apr.
23, 1998; Amdt. 141-12, 74 FR 42564, Aug. 21,
2009; Docket FAA-2015-1846, Amdt. 141-18, 81
FR 21460, Apr. 12, 2016]

APPENDIX C TO PART 141 - INSTRUMENT
RATING COURSE
1. Applicability. This appendix prescribes
the minimum curriculum for an instrument
rating course and an additional instrument
rating course, required under this part, for
the following ratings:
(a) Instrument - airplane.
(b) Instrument - helicopter.
(c) Instrument - powered-lift.
2. Eligibility for enrollment. A person must
hold at least a private pilot certificate with
an aircraft category and class rating appropriate to the instrument rating for which the
course applies prior to enrolling in the flight
portion of the instrument rating course.
3. Aeronautical knowledge training. (a) Each
approved course must include at least the
following ground training on the aeronautical knowledge areas listed in paragraph
(b) of this section appropriate to the instrument rating for which the course applies:
(1) 30 hours of training if the course is for
an initial instrument rating.
(2) 20 hours of training if the course is for
an additional instrument rating.
(b) Ground training must include the following aeronautical knowledge areas:
(1) Applicable Federal Aviation Regulations for IFR flight operations;
(2) Appropriate information in the  - Aeronautical Information Manual - ;
(3) Air traffic control system and procedures for instrument flight operations;
(4) IFR navigation and approaches by use
of navigation systems;
(5) Use of IFR en route and instrument approach procedure charts;
(6) Procurement and use of aviation weather reports and forecasts, and the elements of
forecasting weather trends on the basis of
that information and personal observation of
weather conditions;
(7) Safe and efficient operation of aircraft
under instrument flight rules and conditions;
(8) Recognition of critical weather situations and windshear avoidance;
(9) Aeronautical decision making and judgment; and
(10) Crew resource management, to include
crew communication and coordination.
4. Flight training. (a) Each approved course
must include at least the following flight
training on the approved areas of operation

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