600 

14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–19 Edition) 

Pt. 141, App. D 

A

PPENDIX

D 

TO

P

ART

141—C

OMMERCIAL

 

P

ILOT

C

ERTIFICATION

C

OURSE

 

1. 

Applicability. 

This appendix prescribes 

the minimum curriculum for a commercial 
pilot certification course required under this 
part, for the following ratings: 

(a) Airplane single-engine. 
(b) Airplane multiengine. 
(c) Rotorcraft helicopter. 
(d) Rotorcraft gyroplane. 
(e) Powered-lift. 
(f) Glider. 
(g) Lighter-than-air airship. 
(h) Lighter-than-air balloon. 
2. 

Eligibility for enrollment. 

A person must 

hold the following prior to enrolling in the 
flight portion of the commercial pilot cer-
tification course: 

(a) At least a private pilot certificate; and 
(b) If the course is for a rating in an air-

plane or a powered-lift category, then the 
person must: 

(1) Hold an instrument rating in the air-

craft that is appropriate to the aircraft cat-
egory rating for which the course applies; or 

(2) Be concurrently enrolled in an instru-

ment rating course that is appropriate to the 
aircraft category rating for which the course 
applies, and pass the required instrument 
rating practical test prior to completing the 
commercial pilot certification course. 

3. 

Aeronautical knowledge training. 

(a) Each 

approved course must include at least the 
following ground training on the aero-
nautical knowledge areas listed in paragraph 
(b) of this section, appropriate to the aircraft 
category and class rating for which the 
course applies: 

(1) 35 hours of training if the course is for 

an airplane category rating or a powered-lift 
category rating. 

(2) 65 hours of training if the course is for 

a lighter-than-air category with an airship 
class rating. 

(3) 30 hours of training if the course is for 

a rotocraft category rating. 

(4) 20 hours of training if the course is for 

a glider category rating. 

(5) 20 hours of training if the course is for 

lighter-than-air category with a balloon 
class rating. 

(b) Ground training must include the fol-

lowing aeronautical knowledge areas: 

(1) Federal Aviation Regulations that 

apply to commercial pilot privileges, limita-
tions, and flight operations; 

(2) Accident reporting requirements of the 

National Transportation Safety Board; 

(3) Basic aerodynamics and the principles 

of flight; 

(4) Meteorology, to include recognition of 

critical weather situations, windshear rec-
ognition and avoidance, and the use of aero-
nautical weather reports and forecasts; 

(5) Safe and efficient operation of aircraft; 
(6) Weight and balance computations; 

(7) Use of performance charts; 
(8) Significance and effects of exceeding 

aircraft performance limitations; 

(9) Use of aeronautical charts and a mag-

netic compass for pilotage and dead reck-
oning; 

(10) Use of air navigation facilities; 
(11) Aeronautical decision making and 

judgment; 

(12) Principles and functions of aircraft 

systems; 

(13) Maneuvers, procedures, and emergency 

operations appropriate to the aircraft; 

(14) Night and high-altitude operations; 
(15) Descriptions of and procedures for op-

erating within the National Airspace Sys-
tem; and 

(16) Procedures for flight and ground train-

ing for lighter-than-air ratings. 

4. 

Flight training. 

(a) Each approved course 

must include at least the following flight 
training, as provided in this section and sec-
tion No. 5 of this appendix, on the approved 
areas of operation listed in paragraph (d) of 
this section that are appropriate to the air-
craft category and class rating for which the 
course applies: 

(1) 120 hours of training if the course is for 

an airplane or powered-lift rating. 

(2) 155 hours of training if the course is for 

an airship rating. 

(3) 115 hours of training if the course is for 

a rotocraft rating. 

(4) 6 hours of training if the course is for a 

glider rating. 

(5) 10 hours of training and 8 training 

flights if the course is for a balloon rating. 

(b) Each approved course must include at 

least the following flight training: 

(1) 

For an airplane single-engine course: 

55 

hours of flight training from a certificated 
flight instructor on the approved areas of op-
eration listed in paragraph (d)(1) of this sec-
tion that includes at least— 

(i) Ten hours of instrument training using 

a view-limiting device including attitude in-
strument flying, partial panel skills, recov-
ery from unusual flight attitudes, and inter-
cepting and tracking navigational systems. 
Five hours of the 10 hours required on instru-
ment training must be in a single engine air-
plane; 

(ii) Ten hours of training in a complex air-

plane, a turbine-powered airplane, or a tech-
nically advanced airplane that meets the re-
quirements of § 61.129(j) of this chapter, or 
any combination thereof. The airplane must 
be appropriate to land or sea for the rating 
sought; 

(iii) One 2-hour cross country flight in day-

time conditions in a single engine airplane 
that consists of a total straight-line distance 
of more than 100 nautical miles from the 
original point of departure; 

(iv) One 2-hour cross country flight in 

nighttime conditions in a single engine air-
plane that consists of a total straight-line 

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